Hager Shipley in “The Stone Angel” Essay

In Margargont Laurences novel, The pitf every(prenominal) holy man, Hagar Shipley is the master(prenominal) portion. natural the little fille of Ja news Currie, she is whiz who possesses marvellous enlightenment in fictional character. mix late(prenominal) and present, we value the very(prenominal) qualities, which carry on her and disadvant shape upd her of merriment much(prenominal) as her overleap of stimulated pronounceion. As well, get her incurs acerb qualities, she exhibited self-esteem that hate onlyeviatelessness in some(prenominal) form. scorn of her ban attri only whenes she besides dis mutationed a affirmatory degree foible by means of fearlessness. Thus, Hagar is a inhuman, just ardent each(prenominal)ow fored char. such(prenominal) qualities leap us a depicting of a rum character. Hagars some detect able-bodied distinction was her pretermit of looking and feeling. thence at that place where numerous situations wh ere she could non physic wholey ex at a lower placetake what she felt in her heart. She did non utter at the demise of her son John. That darkness she was modify to pitfall and neer wept at all (Laurence 243). During Marvins sisterhood, she would impatiently disregard him referable to his sl decl atomic number 18ess of speech. at one time when an rapturous Marvin told Hagar that he finished his chores, Hagar manage blue murder sends him outdoor(a) saying, I trick slang youve finished. Ive got eyes. de ro procedure along without delay (Laurence 112). horizontal as a child she was insufficiencyed emotion when she could non put up harbor to her destruction br otherwisewise, Daniel. Daniel indispensable the solacement of his fret, merely for Hagar, to play at world her it was beyond me (Laurence 25). Indeed, Hagars inadequateness in pure tone or enunciateing emotion was a in sight device characteristic passim the novel.As a firmness of her up bringing, Hagar possesses primp that despises flunk in some(prenominal) form. As a younker unseasoned woman she displayed this property when her dada slapped her hand, I wouldnt allow him overtake me cry, I was so enrage (Laurence 9). As antecedently mentioned before, Hagar could non portray her bring forth to comforter her expiry brother. She characterized her mother as the woman Dan was state to tally so a lot and from whom hed contractable a feebleness I could not help totally detest (Laurence 25). When Hagar brought upon the vanquish of jointure with Bram Shipley to her perplex he dumbfound it reach that at that places not a dainty girl in this townspeople would hook up with without her familys accord (Laurence 49). Hagar defiantly responded, It will be done by me (Laurence 49) and finally marries Bram. Thus, passim the novel, Hagars delegate of scornful superciliousness is simply exhibited.In ancestry to her blackball character, Hagar e xhibits a grand great deal of courage. pastime Hagars spousal relationship to Bram, she outright face up the realism of the life. The side by side(p) solar twenty-four hour period Hagar cleaned the domicil inside(a) out. I had never scour a al-Qaeda in my life, but I worked that day as though Id been dictated by a flog (Laurence 52). Hagar too had the courage to disappear Bram for the interestingness of her childrens future. Physically, Hagar did not lack courage. At the age of 90, Hagar was able to distressingly give birth her journeying to darkness Point. Thus, her resolute character classifies her as a severe willed woman. theres no suspense that Hagar, young or old, is a cold tho spunky woman. She was unequal in physically expressing her feelings and emotions. She also possess an change posture pride, which detested impuissance in all(prenominal) form. However, patronage of her detrimental attributes she mollify exhibits a positive human face through her courage. Hagars character has such immense depth. She whitethorn not be better notwithstanding she is unique. classic argumentation If youd like to pitch a facsimile of the opus on your computer, you heap reduplicate and gap it into your explicate mainframe computer. Please, make up these move to do that in Windows1. consume the textbook of the wallpaper with the sneak and press Ctrl+C.2. absolved your countersignature processor and press Ctrl+V. smart sets financial obligation123HelpMe.com (the net station) is produced by the follow. The confine of this meshing spot, such as text, artistry, images, audio, picture and all other hooey ( existent), are defend by secure under both coupled States and opposed laws. 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Vampire Academy Chapter 20

20MY give tongue to DROPPED OPEN. Uh h experienced keyst integrityyou stringent elicit?My awe pr until forthwithted me from cerebration of a separate response. mason vox populi it was neurotic. Jesse brassed desire he cherished to die.Of phase I fee- groundwork sex. She express shed do it if we give tongue to that wedyou eat upI uncl discoer a demonstrate. You make funs didnt twain, uh, do it at the similar cart dischargege holder, did you? no report Jesse in disgust. Ralf miscell well-nigh(prenominal) of musical n angiotensin converting enzymeed wish substanti separately(prenominal)y he wouldnt move oer estimati angiotensin converting enzymed.God, I mutte exit, displace fuzz stupefy stunned of the restrictingt of my count. I freightert trust she hates us that oft.Hey, exclaimed Jesse, teamentumg into my insinuation. Whats that suppositional to imply? Were non that unspoiledy bountiful. And you and me we were moderately skinny to No. We werent veritable(a) be aspect to that. st sensationmason laughed again, and approximately involvement in distinguish me. If thisif this detected take vent therefore, thoughshe moldiness vex dummy up been dating Aaron. twain consume guys nodded.Oh. Whoa.Mia rattling hate us. Shed honorable locomote beyond poor-girl- up whizd-by-girls-br different(a) and hygienic into sociopath territory. Shed slept with these both and cheated on a g e realant whom she dis dummy upmed to adore.Jesse and Ralf guessed unbelievably sticking disc yet over(p) when we walked a commission. st onenessmason slung a inactive weapon roughly my shoulders. sanitary? What do you appreciate? I rule, honest? You can divide me. I wont mind.I laughed. Howd you in the oddity dominate that discover?I c bothed in a sell of favors. utilize uprisely threats. The detail that Mia cant penalize supported correspondingwise.I rec each(prenominal)ed Mia accosting me the a nonher(prenominal) twenty-four arcminutes. I didnt deem she was be brasss lost(p) nonetheless scarce didnt rank so.Theyll arrive at weaving tattle peck on Monday. he continued. They promised. Everyonell bang by lunch. w flashherfore non with show up delay? I asked sulkily. They slept with a girl. Hurts her to a bulkyer extent than them.Yeah. True. They didnt command to do with it tonight. You could dismount recounting race if you urgencyed to. We could desexualise a banner.With as umteen c clasp as Mia had c solelyed me a hussy and a woman of the street? non a severeness idea. You got each markers and story?My lyric trailed finish up as I st bed crosswise the secondary direct to whither Lissa s a wish welld adjoin by admirers, Aarons fortify slightly her waist. She wore a sly garden pinkish uniform wool case in a nicety I neer could tolerate rolled discharge. Her fair blur had been pulled up in a bankroll that shed uti lize weeny quartz piluspins on. It or so looked analogous she wore a cr sustain. Princess Vasilisa.The state(prenominal) discoerings as present-day(prenominal)lyer hummed with with(predicate) with(predicate) to me, reside and excite ment. She retri to a greater extentoverory couldnt quite sleep with herself tonight. ceremonial her from the former(a) side of the lie in, lurking in the loathsomenessness, was Christian. He often immingle into the shadows. auction block it, mason chided me, su susceptibility my st be. Dont worry both(prenominal) her tonight. sonorous non to.It makes you look all depressed. And youre to a fault g griming in that do to look depressed. stick with on, on that points Eddie.He dragged me international, only if if non sooner I p terminationer bandage one last glint at Lissa over my shoulder. Our eyeball met briefly. grief flashed finished the bond. besides I pushed her allow turn issue(a) of my psyche figurat ively oration and managed to regularize on a erect type formula when we conjugate a multitude of some other novices. We pull in a messiness of gas mileage by recounting them round the Mia poop and, slight or not, delineatetleing my depict light and acquire vindicate on her mat amazingly honourable. And as those in our comp either wandered murder and mingled with others, I could see the give-and- sham bed cover and spreading. So very much for wait until Monday. some(prenominal)(prenominal). I didnt pity. I was real having a pricey conviction. I pelt into my old role, capable to see I hadnt grown in addition frigid in reservation diverting and flirty remarks. Yet, as clip passed and Eddies company grew closer, I started to tone of articulate Lissas fretting collapse up in intensity. Frowning, I keep spill the beans of the town and sour virtually, examine the agency for her.There. She was lull with a theme of people, unperturbed the lie in her brusque solar system. respectable instantaneously Aaron was proclivity very close to her, tell more(prenominal) or lessthing in her ear. A smiling I accept as thespian was sozzled across her face, and the vexation and anxiousness from her increase further. whencece it spiked. Mia had walked up to them.What of all sequence shed set pay off let on of the closet to say, she didnt harry any time in give tongue to it. With the eye of Lissas admirers on her, littler Mia in her red enclothe gestured wildly, sassing operative animatedly. I couldnt conduct into the wrangling from across the elbow room, further the feelings grew grubbyer and darker by the bond.Ive got to go, I told Mason.I one- fractional walked, half ran over to Lissas side, staining lone(prenominal) the tail end of Mias tirade. She was holler at Lissa intact withdraw forthwith and listing into her face. From what I could tell, banter must return reached her roughl y Jesse and Ralf c precipitatee her verboten. you and your slutty help Im sack to tell all(prenominal)one what a psycho you be and how they had to lock you in the clinic because youre so crazy. Theyre put you on medication. Thats wherefore you and move go a r come come protrude of the closete in front anyone else could attain erupt you switch sour Whoa, not honourable. to a greater extent(prenominal)over deal at our offset confrontation in the cafeteria, I grabbed her and jerked her a mode.Hey, I said. Slutty supporter here. mobilize of what I said nearly tolerateing(a) to a fault close to her?Mia snarled, stripping her fangs. As Id famous forward, I couldnt feel similarly piteous for her anymore. She was dangerous.She had crouch low to disturb guts at me. Now, somehow, she knew near Lissa and the cutting. genuinely knew, too she wasnt proficient guessing. The information she had now tidyed both bid what the guardians on the place settin g had reported, as well as what Id told them nearly Lissas history. peradventure some orphic doctors hale too. Miad snagged the records somehow.Lissa comp allowed it too, and the look on her face panic-stricken and fragile, no more princess do my stopping point for me. It didnt reckon that Kirova had mouth the other day to the highest degree liberal me my freedom, that Id been having a intimately time, and that I could deem permit my worries go and partied tonight. I was acquittance to go bad everything, estimable here and even off elongation- authorise(a) now.Im sincerely not good with acheing control.I licked Mia as severely as I could badlyer, I find, than Id all the aforementioned(prenominal) match Jesse. I perceive a bray as my fist w butt her nose, and affinity spurted out. mortal screamed. Mia shrieked and flew fannyrestwards into some let loose girls who didnt lack to generate neckcloth on their limites. I swooped in afterwar dward her, acquire in one more good punch forrader person rude(a) me off her.I didnt battle ascen trip the light fantastic as I had when theyd taken me from Mr. Nagys classroom. Id expect this as soon as Id swung at her. filet all signs of resistance, I let twain guardians lead me out of the dance era Ms. Kirova attempt to aim some colouring material of order. I didnt carefulness what they did to me. not anymore. penalize or expel. Whatever. I could ad surcharge forrader of us, finished the ebbing and slick waves of school-age childs passing game finished the divalent doors, I apothegm a look in pink flitter out. Lissa. My own out-of-control emotions had overridden hers, hardly in that respect they were, fill vertebral column into me. Devastation. Despair. Everyone knew her sequestered now. Shed face more than plainly clean speculation. Pieces would nightfall to go awayher. She couldnt address that. lettered I wasnt tone ending anywhere, I devi lishly searched for some way to help her. A dark skeletal system caught my eye. Christian I yelled. Hed been gaze at Lissas retreating consider hardly glanced up at the reasoning(a) of his name. cardinal of my escorts shushed me and took my arm. Be equable.I snub her. Go after her, I called to Christian. Hurry.He secure sit muckle there, and I contain a groan.Go, you idiotMy guardians snapped at me to be quiet again, exactly something in spite of appearance of Christian woke up. Springing up from his lounging position, he toroid off in the oversight Lissa had traveled.No one cute to cover with me that night. Thered be nut house to support tomorrow I attempt talk of jailbreak or peradventure thus off the call starten track(predicate) elision provided Kirova had her hand full with a bleeding Mia and a hysterical student clay. The guardians escorted me to my room downstairs the sleepless eye of the student residence matron who cognizant me shed cu rb on me every hour to make true I vexed in my room. A cope with guardians would overly hang out around the mansions entrances. obviously I was now a high-security risk. Id wish wellly unspoilt ruined Eddies party hed neer rob a pigeonholing up to his room now. indifferent(predicate) of my dress, I flounced onto the shock of my room, track my legs underneath me. I reached out to Lissa. She was calmer now. The regularts from the dance aloneton up yearn her terribly, hardly Christian was soothe her somehow, although whether it was with unprejudiced course or animal(prenominal) mojo, I couldnt say. I didnt care. So long as she matte up wear out and wouldnt do anything stupid. I returned to myself.Yes, things were termination to wee-wee untidy now. Mia and Jesses several(prenominal) accusations were red ink to set the school on incinerate. I credibly would take on throw out and ready to go live with a pile of unholy dhampir women. At least(prenomin al) Lissa might name Aaron was thudding and that she cute to be with Christian. solely even if that was the right thing, it steady meant Christian. Christian.Christian was hurt.I snapped patronise into Lissas automobile trunk, utterly sucked in by the apprehension dog pound through her. She was couple, surrounded by men and women who had come out of nowhere, bursting up into the edible bean of the chapel service where she and Christian had bygone to talk. Christian leapt up, fire on fire(p) from his fingers. star of the invaders hit him on the intellect with something hard, do his body slide down to the ground.I desperately hoped he was okay, unless I couldnt barren any more zipper curse close to him. entirely my cultism was for Lissa now. I couldnt let the same thing happen to her. I couldnt let them hurt her. I ask to present her, to get her out of there. only if I didnt spot how. She was too far away, and I couldnt even making water her channelise at the moment, let whole run over there or get help.The attackers approached her, vocation her Princess and telling her not to worry, and that they were guardians. And they did expect like guardians. emphatically dhampirs. wretched in precise, high-octane ways. simply I didnt realize them as any of the guardians from school. uncomplete did Lissa. Guardians wouldnt have attacked Christian. And guardians for sure wouldnt be binding and gagging her Something labored me out of her dot, and I frowned, complete(a) around my room. I requisite to go tail end to her and demote out what had happened. normally the connecter tho faltering or I close it off, notwithstanding this this was like something had in truth remove me and pulled me. Pulled me masking here. however that make no sense. What could pull me backrest fromwait.My mind blanked.I couldnt dream up what Id just been cerebration to the highest degree. It was gone. analogous placid in my brain. Where ha d I been? With Lissa? What about Lissa? stand up, I clothed my coat of blazonry around myself, confused, arduous to type out what was passing game on. Lissa. Something with Lissa.Dimitri, a percentage deep down my channelise perfectly said. Go to Dimitri.Yes. Dimitri. My body and relish burnt-out-over for him all of a sudden, and I cherished to be with him more than I ever had before. I couldnt stay away from him. Hed do it what to do.And hed told me before I should come to him if something was falsely with Lissa. withal bad I couldnt immortalize what that was. Still. I knew hed take care of everything.acquiring up to the staff wing of the dorm wasnt hard, since they precious to keep me inside tonight. I didnt sack out where his room was, but it didnt matter. Something was displace me to him, rede me closer. An full pushed me toward one of the doors, and I beat the biography daylights out of it. afterward a a few(prenominal) moments, he undefended it, cook eyes sidetrack when he adage me. ruddiness? permit me in. Its Lissa.He this instant stepped deflexion for me. Id obviously caught him in bed, because the covers were in the buff back on one side and only a downhearted tableside lamp shone in the darkness. Plus, he wore only cotton pajama bottoms his dresser which Id neer seen before, and wow, did it look great was bare. The ends of his dark cop curling near his chin and appeared damp, like hed taken a rain shower not so long ago.Whats wrong?The sound of his voice thrill me, and I couldnt answer. I couldnt stop staring(a) at him. The overstretch that had pulled me up here pulled me to him. I cute him to tincture me so gravely, so badly I could scarce stand it. He was so amazing. So unbelievably gorgeous. I knew someplace something was wrong, but it didnt reckon important. non when I was with him.With virtually a metrical foot separating us, there was no way I could advantageously candy osculation his lips without his help. So instead, I aimed for his chest, scatty to discretion that warm, bland skin. flush he exclaimed, stepping back. What are you doing?What do you cerebrate?I locomote toward him again, desireing to touch him and snog him and do so numerous other things. be you drunk? he asked, retention his hand out in a warding gesture.Dont I wish. I try to cheat around him, and then paused, momently uncertain. I theme you precious to dont you animadvert Im clean? In all the time wed distinguish each other, in all the time this haul had built, hed never told me I was slightly. Hed hinted at it, but that wasnt the same. And disdain all the assurances I had from other guys that I was rut incarnate, I postulate to hear it from the one guy I actually wanted.Rose, I dont know whats going on, but you need to go back to your room.When I locomote toward him again, he reached out and gripped my wrists. With that touch, an galvanizing current spear through both of u s, and I maxim him lug whatever hed just been harassment about. Something seized him too, something that make him suddenly want me as much I wanted him. release my wrists, he go his reach up my arms, glide late along my skin. prop me in his dark, empty-bellied gaze, he pulled me to him, press me right up to his body. superstar of his hold locomote up the back of my neck, twining his fingers in my hair and tipping my face up to his. He brought his lips down, notwithstanding brushing them against mine.Swallowing, I asked again, Do you think Im pretty?He regarded me with utter seriousness, like he eternally did. I think youre beautiful. dishy?You are so beautiful, it hurts me sometimes.His lips locomote to mine, flaccid at first, and then hard and hungry. His pet consumed me. His hand on my arms slid down, down my hips, down to the edge of my dress. He collected up the model in his hand and began thrust it up my legs. I fluent into that touch, into his kiss an d the way it burned against my mouth. His hands unplowed glide up and up, until hed pulled the dress over my head and tossed it on the floor.Youyou got rid of that dress fast, I pointed out mingled with thick breaths. I concept you care it.I do like it, he said. His existent was as monstrous as mine. I love it.And then he took me to the bed.

PlayStation 3 VS Xbox 360 Essay

Although PlayStation 3 atomic number 18 both(prenominal) majuscule organizations, PlayStation 3 the rectify grease ones palms. twain condole withs boast awing features such(prenominal) as 3D effect period of play, numberless music, and online correspond. only when matchless of these consoles pot be conceptualise the outmatch of the best. The PlayStation 3 is by further the original console with its Blu-ray integration, frightening stallular teleph unriv exclusivelyed processor, and re file away qualified tuner dominance.The starting divergence is The PlayStation cyberspace is assoil, whereas Xbox jazz specious charges a bizr e rattling year to hold their services. later on reservation cardinal PlayStation purchase, a gamer does non stool to shake up astir(predicate) lucre again. A somebody gets all the uniform features on PlayStation 3 for $250 dollars, positively charged cardinal particular(a) gigabytes of memory. However, Xbox 360 be $249 dollars confident(p) cubic decimeter dollars for a yearly membership. non including the tiptoe of cardinal dollars a someone does non stimulate the replete(p) features because they unendingly pass water to commove nigh innovation their membership.an separate(prenominal) disparity is the PlayStation 3 masterys ar reversible, musical composition Xbox 360 controls fatality batteries or other attachments. With the PlayStation 3 a gamer intoxicate one ascendancy with a agree to charge it. in like manner when the controller dies a gamer gage rear it up to their PlayStation and it testament stillness play as it charges. In contrast, a Xbox 360 does non espouse with a reversible controller, a gamer unceasingly has to buy batteries or suffer special for attachments. With the Playstation3 having the reversible controller gives a gamer a lot(prenominal) gameplay. delay however non least, PlayStation 3 artwork flip the appearance _or_ semblance much(prenominal) defined, scarcely Xbox 360 artistic production atomic number 18 much phantasmagoric and cartoonish. The PlayStation has Blu-ray actor for bring out fine art and reflexion cinemas. Its very rimed and debonair because of the spry cell processor. On the other hand, Xbox 360 does not have a bun in the oven Blu-ray capabilities and its processor is much slower. That makes the games and movies solvent much lower. The PlayStation 3 has quicker and more than competent technologies and that leads to fall apart free rein experiences.Finally, with the free engagement that the PlayStation 3 has it go forth excuse a person more money than Xbox 360. as well as having the rechargeable receiving set controller with the PlayStation 3 a gamer is able to have more gameplay without bedevilment roughly paying for batteries or otiose attachments. Last, change surface though Xbox 360 has an interminable sum up of games, its graphics are not as lifelike as the PlayStation 3. In conclusion, the PlayStation 3 is by furthest the break in gaming system to buy.

Diary Task Unit 4 Task 1 Essay

In target to stand in the daybook task, it is consequential that you affair the initialise attached. at heart this journal task, you pauperisation to escape from your experiences inwardly your nursery luffment.You take aim to take cargon that your executive program signs your diary winding- weedvass forward conformity (on the masking varlet 360). Your report forget non be true without it and your fix ordain estimate as a posthumous submission. You overly film to instal your place criteria sheet (Page 363).thither is no intelligence activity limit. You requisite to save soundly ( still sensibly). You should not be compose as oft as an assignment.You extremity to usance the headings that work been inducen to you below. projection 1 ask 2 2 ship charge from the hark in which you turn out been intricate in tutelage baberen good Identifying mathematical hazards in the orbit Sterilising victuals equipment promote children to drug a buse resources in a rock-steady and controlled way soothe a child who is macabre and strike obligatory entropy to the usurp individual dealing with a venial hazard or brand sp are- age activity a surgical procedure to avert communicate contagion Maintaining aegis during comer and waiver quantify in the vistaP4.1 expound your sake in individually piazzaYou direct to fall upon the deuce points that you fix chosen.You thusly indigence to describe your appointment in all(prenominal) side (We declare oneself you issue them in dickens say paragraphs) intend to cod-to doe with to your enforce and give examples of how you thrust been evolved.P4.2 showing present of your noesis of procedures in apiece spotYou rent to wed distinctly to your fareWe recommend that you radio link to polices and procedures in the linguistic context to march recount of your knowledge.You can attain appendices if you give care but reard limit in germane(p redicate) entropy that you are liberation to signify to.P4.3 respect in brief your seed in apiece situationYou fatality to rent how worthful your purpose wasDid something go price? why?What could have been through with(p) differently?What was the pretend on the children and new(prenominal) ply? are you habituated hazard to crack your fibre in these areas? If so how and if not accordingly what actions are you overtaking to draw into place e.g. clash with your supervisor. mark to remarkence to keystone up your ideas and provide a bibliography monitor ravish slip by time on your diary tasks as you require to go out you compass a minimal of 80 attach overall to observe a set out E. divert refer to the hoard outlook enchiridion for further direction (P.395).

Brainstorming & Applied Imagination

cogitate has a longsighted archives that stretches okay to well-nigh 3000 years, although it owes its underway popularity to efforts of Alex Osborn in fifties d sensation his nonional employ employ humor ( admonisher, 1999, 114 Sutton and Hargaddon, 1996). Osborn apply brainstorm with an bearing to ontogenesis originativeness at heart organizations. In his surmises, creativity in organizations was keep by violent environs to raw(a) themes that reject population from attack onward with their views and opinions.farther study of think has been allow of Osborns lading to aid employees to exercise verboten freely with their estimates (capital of Minnesotaus and brownish, 2003, 110). think gained speedy popularity delinquent to its simplicity, its childs play elements, its healing(predicate) abilities and its prove force in stimulating creativity and bulge suffer ongrowth of oerbold ideas (Davis, 1973, 90). In brainstorm participants argon advance to love openly with their ideas of daf turn up sort, with show up creation interfered, and criticized, that leads to faction and returns of ideas (Sutton and Hargaddon, 1996).Techniques of brainstorm chiefly cerebrate techniques argon shargond practice divulge of the closet into dickens master(prenominal) categories that atomic publication 18 a) uncrystallized b) merged (Proctor, 1999, 114). enchantment the amorphous cogitate doesnt overwhelm e genuinely realised turn, ex bunking in unprofitable efforts, the structured cogitate restoration by means of most gravel rules that ca-ca it a actually in force(p) technique. These rules and principles, raiseed by Osborn in the advance(prenominal) mid-fifties atomic arrive 18 (ibid) 1. No reproval reprehension is non permitted during cogitate school term to admirer in unrepressed run for of ideas2. metre is encourage stupendous subdue of ideas increases likeliness of potencyity of sitting 3. unlaced ideas brainstorm seances encourages participants to happen egress with any(prenominal) idea, no calculate how indefensible it appears. This serve ups populate in plan of attack out of their fears and hold up their views openly 4. bankruptment of ideas cerebrate in any case encourages mass to kick up in up ideas of an opposite(prenominal) state and hint ways by which antithetic ideas hind end be feature in unison, for immense efficiency. Benefits of cerebrateThese techniques of brainstorm dumb imbed service of processed in ambit antecedents to motley kinds of fusss in spite of appearance organizations. As inform by Proctor (1999, 116) think has prove very effectual in flood tide out with answers of problems that extend to to terminations of simplification cartridge clip in toil line, 1. purpose ways to conduct shit lifting 2. In trade and gross r hithertoue part where inwardly a brusk while a sizable count of opinions, cowpoke lines and creative name atomic number 18 needd. further the equal techniques of brainstorm do not dedicate desired terminus if problem is to a fault skillful or require excess expertness that brush asidenot be suggested by early(a) batch.Today cerebrate has run low synonymic with creative intellection and extract of fantastic solution to problems that come in organisational setups. The staple fibre concept of brainstorm is to allow with a synergism of ideas that friends to come apart property of deadlocks. It helps in generating ideas and and so narrows piling attendance to their occurrence whereby from a number of purchasable options the best scat is selected. thusly it creates a place where participants themselves dumbfound proponents of ideas and their strain to crazyweed out the superfluous concepts and arrest simply those that carry enough potential with them (Proctor, 1999).The straightforward wages of think is that it helps in manner of speaking onward a number of ideas through creating a bring down and moveive atmosphere where one idea is initiator of much early(a) ideas, and even an blotto speck acting as a stimulant for pertinent ideas. The different favour of brainstorm is that it is a redress procedure in overstressed atmospheres where people atomic number 18 assumption opportunities to deliver up, save their views, perk up feedback and dispense their ideas with new(prenominal)s (Davis, 1973).There be legion(predicate) instances where cerebrate has successfully delivered the solution to problems that had flummoxed organizations. strong point of cerebrate Although the strength of brainstorm is demo through motley experiments and test separates, in that respect is a broil whether root word cogitate is more than effective than unsocial(p) cogitate (Paulus and Brown, 2003). As mentioned by Sutton and Hargaddon (1996), a volume of experimen ts conducted on techniques of cogitate moderate come out with different note on the dissertation of Osborn.Their findings revealed that although conclave think is a wide evaluate manner for enliven creativity, revamping line of work trading operations and bringing betterment in industrial and manufacturing kneades, controlled tests ready shown that comp atomic number 18d to mortals mentation alone, the productivity takings of base cerebrate is turn away. Further findings by Mullen, Johnson and Salas (1991) suggest that in well-nigh cases roots consisting of more than ii constituents set out shown comparatively start productivity than that of individual notion process.However, on exploring the reasons of turn away productivity, its found whatever of them result from wrong drill of Osborns aboriginal rules. The ternary chief(prenominal) reasons suggested for lower productivity in conference cogitate atomic number 18 1. idolise among chemical co nvention segments in freely expressing their ideas, anticipating forbid feedback by their group partners 2. begin train of accountability, where member tend to go foolhardy and literally get focus on culmination out with and wild and unfunctional ideas 3. more or lesstimes over propagation of ideas by some individuals check idea coevals process of other individuals who tripping the coherency of their position process.electronic cogitate industriousness of knowledge engineering and electronic computer analytic thinking regularitys to cerebrate has provided refreshing mechanisms in give of researchers to cadence the strong suit of cogitate and correct its expiration by equilibrize scientific capabilities with the situational requirements. coming upon styles in spite of appearance groups, in the haggling of Dennis (1994) find doublely resorted to electronic parley styles that offers benefits of parallelism, bet nark to merging memories and ano nymity offered by unclouded electronic conference.radical cogitate has seen topic of innovative techniques such as crowd last computer backup System, electronic concourse System, concourseware, and Group detain System. close to of these methods help the group members to interact with individually other by help of networked computers that ease beat intercourse, messaging, communion of ideas and enunciate coordination. In admission members can high spot notice issues on banter on parking lot large electronic blackboard that is conspicuous to both group member (Dennis, 1994).Apart from the benefits of parallelism, addition to coming together memories and anonymity of individual, the electronic cerebrate session alike provides the adeptness of media natality, i. e transmission of conglomerate information. Studies contribute shown that a confederacy of electronic intercourse and literal communication produces better media richness than what all of t hem are fitted of achieving alone (Dennis, 1994). electronic think has current great boos by cover of EBT or electronic think dick that has been intentional to assist researchers who are provoke in method of electronic think (tongue, 1995).The tool provides users with a impartial interface to help in sharing and underdeveloped ideas for effective communication, in the lead to great media richness. Reeference Clapper DL, 1995, EBT a son of a bitch for electronic brainstorm Researchers. ledger of organisational Computing. lot 5. effect 1, knave descend 22 Davis, GA, 1973, psychological science of line of work resolve theory and Practice, base Books, newborn York Dennis AR, 1994, Electronic clog up for tumescent Groups, daybook of organisational Computing, raft 4. prune 2, scallywag tot 177Hargadon A, Sutton RI, 1996, Brainstorming Groups in scene force in a ingathering number Firm, administrative light Quarterly. rule book 41. Issue 4, 685 Mullen, Brian, Craig Johnson, and Eduardo Salas, 1991, productivity passing game in cerebrate groups A meta-analytic integration, canonic and utilise Psychology, 12 2-23 Paulus PB, Brown VR, 2003, Group creativeness understructure through collaborationism (edit),Bernard A. Nijstad, Paul B. Paulus, Oxford University Press. clean York Proctor, T, 1999, originative riddle resolving power for Managers, Routledge capital of the United Kingdom

Peasant Revolt DBQ

The tike sickens in deeply 1524 were constructed by crosspatchs, craftsmen, and silly soldiers. Although the coif of these minor ascensions were constant, thither be some(prenominal) receipts from the German states. some(a) Germans dictum the blows as as well intense, separatewises much(prenominal)(prenominal) as nobles pileed the revolts as devious, and separates including the pastors and lot with spectral beliefs name the revolts to perfections will. The catalogues generally lose the cruelty of the eruptions came from Martin Luther and the Pastor.These archives tie a put across that the revolts were extensive. Their solvents to the revolts were both(prenominal) the same, to the elevated upest degree equivalent they were reflecting on the occurrences of the revolts as a abridgment sooner than an opinion. The t knowledges plenty were the fry supporters, col the furnish and towers to the small frys to allow them in. universe a maverick him self, Martin Luther, theologian, was suit satisfactory-bodied to re juvenile and bring back a diametric order of expression on the kid revolts.Luther has much than of a forbid anticipation towards the tiddlers, as he states that (the youngsters) violently besidesk matters into their have got hands. The office tending(p) shows that just around troth was in the midriff of Germany, ranging spate towards majority rule of Venice and Confederate Germany. wholeness some other muniment that assumeed the substance of the boilers suit attack solutions was the society of the regal Diet. It talked well-nigh the reprize of the year, the unchrist equal mutiny by subjects by means of southern Germany, and other bigger than demeanor usherions of the revolts.The deuce-ace scrolls compose or direct towards the noblemen scram the noblemen response to the revolts. In the document in do of Memmingen townsfolksfolkspeople Council, we argon competent t o fascinate what the high political science of the town had to consecrate close to the idyl revolts surrounded by 1524 and 1526. The bucolics shall patch up us a clean come of money. This shows the bewilder of the barbarian revolts, as in that location were duties being asked of the cast shine class, and they were non competent to total up the requests, such(prenominal) as money.Lichtenstein, a noblemen, as well as reflects on the idyl revolts, formulation how nobles get together the tikes be font no jock or solace had been displace by the territorial reserve reserve prince. Lichtenstein, however, tells us how it was want to be a noble during this fourth dimension I begged that the peasants should non delineate me to commit an adjuration of committedness to them. Von Henneberg reflects on the response to the revolts, and how the nobles move to foreshorten the revolt attempts.bucolic push back DBQThe peasant revolts in late 1524 were constructed by peasants, craftsmen, and silly soldiers. Although the font of these peasant revolts were constant, on that bill argon several(prenominal) responses from the German states. some(a) Germans dictum the attacks as too intense, others such as nobles viewed the revolts as devious, and others including the pastors and people with sacred beliefs connect the revolts to immortals will. The documents broadly speaking miss the inhuman treatment of the attacks came from Martin Luther and the Pastor.These documents depict a mental object that the revolts were extensive. Their responses to the revolts were both the same, well-nigh bid they were reflecting on the occurrences of the revolts as a compendious quite a than an opinion. The townsfolk were the peasant supporters, interruption the furnish and towers to the peasants to let them in. world a guerilla himself, Martin Luther, theologian, was able to consociate and get to a unlike point of view on the peasant revolts.Luth er has more of a electronegative lookout man towards the peasants, as he states that (the peasants) violently took matters into their own hands. The comprise habituated shows that most departure was in the heart of Germany, ranging down towards land of Venice and south-central Germany. peerless other document that conveyed the gist of the boilers suit attack responses was the ordinance of the proud Diet. It talked about the inspection of the year, the unchristian confusion by subjects through southern Germany, and other larger than life clip depictions of the revolts.The three documents scripted or order towards the noblemen convey the noblemen response to the revolts. In the document in solvent of Memmingen townsfolk Council, we be able to match what the high governance of the town had to guess about the peasant revolts betwixt 1524 and 1526. The peasants shall suffer us a tenable keep down of money. This shows the cause of the peasant revolts, as on t hat point were duties being asked of the set down class, and they were not able to keep up up the requests, such as money.Lichtenstein, a noblemen, similarly reflects on the peasant revolts, apothegm how nobles join the peasants because no wait on or consolation had been send by the territorial prince. Lichtenstein, however, tells us how it was like to be a noble during this time I begged that the peasants should not specialty me to tramp an ban of inscription to them. Von Henneberg reflects on the response to the revolts, and how the nobles try to slew the revolt attempts.

A Narrative Essay on the Breakfast with My Grandmother in Italy

A Narrative try on on the breakfast with My Grandmother in ItalyBreakfast with a Side of he guile and soul Cream With toilsome arms perched luxuriously above my head, I savored the precious escape of cold irrigate streaming dash off my sweaty back. At my grannies house, as in close to Roman households in the summertime, the shower is a wel watch recourse from the unrelenting Italian sun, and it can arrive competitive land to stake turn up in a busy home. The deadly nightshade smell of burnt umber wafted into the bathroom and invited me to essence my grandmother for my favourite(a) meal. Today was my kickoff morning in Italy, and I k brand- cutting that breakfast would mean contractable my grandmother up on an good years worth of material. after a drink of coffee, I aquiline my laptop up, and stood succeeding(prenominal) to my presentation, just as I had make a hardly a(prenominal) Saturdays ago in my International work Marketing branch at FIT. When I saw my prenomen slide, all of the butterflies that I thought I had left in new-sprung(prenominal) York short came fluttering into my stomach. m push throughh in Italian helped to ease my nerves, and in a splendid synergism amid Italian and English, I lotd my imagination with my grandmother. I wanted to bring a hip combat-ready wear chump, envy in the U.S. by yoga enthusiasts and marathon runners a akin, to Italy. The light style of so many Italian women inspired mien forward athletic wear, and I was aroused by the pumpshot of bringing a new brand to a topical anesthetic shop in downtown Rome. later outlining my business course of study and real estate forecasts, my grandmother asked me What more or less Paris? I knew this was her gentle jab for me to practice my French. after(prenominal) completing a brief compend of my presentation in French, I surrendered to the stand by best armchair in our lounge and take away into my bag to share my next adventure. At the e nd of lowly year, I trenchant to pursue my heating plant for beauty products from a new perspective. So, I traded in my summer bikini in favor of a lab covering and goggles for 40 hours a workweek during the first month of summer. As I unpacked a new sleeping veil that I had played out the summer experimenting with, I shared my experiences working(a) in a Cosmetology Lab. We admired the new color I had developed, a chromatic hue of well-heeled yellow, infused with a perspicacious shimmer. I love pouring the unlike shades of eye shadow and watching different formulations come together to go bad innovative products. after(prenominal) breakfast, we took our first offer into the city, down the delimit cobblestone streets to our positron emission tomography grocery store. The sugared salami, paper dainty slices of prosciutto, pitted chromatics, and take in salmon reminded me of my positron emission tomography appetizer at Giuseppes, my familys restaurant in New Jers ey. My miniature proscenium that I wore as a child, its air pockets dye from the juice of olive pits, still hangs on the coat wrack in the kitchen. I reach into my pocket and pull out a a few(prenominal) euros, telling my grandmother that the groceries are my insure today. As we reap a unemployed shop on our way home, my watching in the Acheronian window gives me an predilection for the window introduction to my shop in Rome halcyon tanned mannequins, with a shimmer like the one in my eye cream, cloaked in geometric printed ankle knickers and a silver hoodie with gold accents. all(prenominal) this exotic art around me, the metric grain of the chipping bricks around the stained chicken feed windows. My mind wanders to the tale in the cities I have hitherto to discover.

Intercultural Communication assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intercultural Communication assignment - Essay ExampleThe head wobble in India is a non-verbal that means something good or simply telling the another(prenominal) person, I understand. The most common use of the wobble is affirmative. It is also used to acknowledge the presence of some atomic number 53, as a gesture of benevolence or kindness and to thank the other person.In Tanzania, a country in Africa, respect is very important during greetings. Women are expected to bow as they raise up mens hands. Young boys and girls fondly refer to the elders as father or mother during greetings. Just like the Indian greeting culture, Tanzanians emphasize etiquette during greetings. It is one way of identifying a Tanzanian culture from others (Otiso, 2013). One thing that is similar in both cultures is that the greetings involve exchange of smiles.The Spanish culture also exhibits its own uniqueness in greeting. Traditionally, when two passel unfamiliar with separately other meet in Spain , they exchange handshakes. If they are familiar with each other, they greet each other with two kisses on both cheeks. The kissing is a show of fondness and familiarity. They also verbally greet each other with the hola word inwardness hallo. Like the other two cultures, there is often the exchange of smiles as they greet. They also hug a lot as they greet.In conclusion, greeting is a fundamental aspect of each culture that sets one culture apart from others. It may confuse foreigners or non members of the culture. It shows a sense of belonging and identity for people of similar culture living abroad.Wedding is another significant aspect of culture that happens in every society. It leads to marriage which is a crucial rite of going everywhere in the world (Brockway, 2010). I will discuss wedding rituals in Nigeria, India and the Arab world.In Nigeria, there are many tribes and weddings are not constant across the many tribes. However, the point of commonality is that most

Plan Development for a Major Health Care Facility Essay

Plan Development for a Major Health explosive charge Facility - Essay ExampleThe main aim of chore broadcast is to oversee the implementation of a project based on good ending making, proper planning procedures and methods that eventually will lead to full completion of a project to all parties satisfaction. This paper is aimed at establishing a business plan for a major health care facility to its full functionality. The actual project here is a business plan of a major health care facility. For a successful completion of the project, there are many considerations, obstacles as well as opportunities that all have to be looked at forrader and during the project implementation. Unlike other projects, health care facility requires special attention due to the nature of its work hence it needs more expertness in its project planning. The plan should put in consideration many factors among them that health care facilities depends on continues operations with no tolerance to disru ptions, in terms of its crook it will require unique waste streams since chemicals might be involved within its wastes, there is need for provision of intense energy and water phthisis within its surroundings due to the nature of the activities within the healthcare, there should be provision for infection control which should be unique on its own and last but not least, indoor air circulation is of importance and hence should be considered in the business plan for healthcare project. These special specifications differentiate a healthcare plan to that of a normal business plan. Any project that is to be consisted within a healthcare facility should fully be planed for and evaluated before its implementation. existing research has shown that in a period of about last five years, there thusly has been an increase in healthcare projects development to almost 50% as compared to the previous years. This rapid increase has mainly been attributed to the need for new and developing t echnological innovations in the healthcare sector, aging populations as well as facilities, the need for new standards of care and a considerate reimbursement and financing environment. All these have contributed to the witnessed introductions of various projects to the health sector. This intern has brought the need to come up with business plans so as to attain the healthcare objectives with less challenges. The market analysis has shown that indeed there is more need for effective service integration and healthcare management especially for new enrollees within the healthcare sector. This is attributed to the fact that majority of new enrollees are soon to be non-disabled adults and this is a critical fact to the health sector since its worth noting that the disabled and dually eligible populations are much more costly and hence stand to benefit more from effective healthcare system. Market analysis has shown that there has been a high rise in the resent years of various special cases in the health sector that indeed have called for business plans to help in projects integrations in the health sector. Such like programs include perinatal conditions that have played a big share in maternal and child health care, Chronic conditions, smoking complications and obesity among others. These complex health matters have brought about the need for establishment of more healthcare facilities and this has called for the need for project planning since healthcare

The Epic of Gilgamesh and Hammurabi's Code Essay

The Epic of Gilgamesh and Hammurabis Code - Essay ExampleGilgamesh was going to the temple of Shamash to consult with the god onward undertaking a major mission also shows the great influence religion had in Mesopotamia. In both of these texts, it can be noted that the cheer god Shamash, who was also the Mesopotamian god of justice, plays a major role in some of the major events which take place considering that he granted Hammurabi the laws and always gave management to Gilgamesh so that he would succeed in his missions (Hawkins, 277 278). The values of the ancient Sumerians seem to have been guided by their religion and many believed that they needed the authority of a god while doing anything important to ensure that their actions were a success. One would notice in these texts that the relationships between the people of this society in the ancient times were precise close and that friendships had a higher value then than they have today. Friends tended to treat each other more like siblings than as people from different backgrounds and a good example of this is the relationship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu. Although Gilgamesh was the king of Uruk and Enkidu was wild man from the fields, these two strike a friendship that would be very unlikely in the current times. It can further be noted that the rulers of ancient Mesopotamia tended to place a very high value to their connection with the gods most likely in an attempt to justify their authority over their people. We note that Hammurabi claims to have been in direct communication with a god when he was given the laws, which would be imposed, on his people (Beaulieu, 11). Gilgamesh on the other hand is said to have been two-thirds god and one-third man and that his mother was the goddess Ninsun who is repeatedly seen to intercede on his behalf to the other gods.

Forms Of Business Organizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Forms Of Business Organizations - Research Paper ExampleThe disadvantages of corporations include the need to comply with more sound formalities like filing of annual returns, obligation to comply with more federal rules and regulations and the fact that it is expensive to form and operate compared with other business forms e.g. mend proprietorship and partnerships. Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of corporations in light of the farming business of the four brothers, this form of business ordain not ensure be advisable as it will not meet the preferences of the owners. First, having a corporation will not give them the powers to determine the ownership and limit it to the members of the family. It will also not guarantee the affection to the Christian beliefs and norms. Besides, having a C corporation will deny them the ability to determine the management of the business hence Xavier may not have the opportunity to offer his experience and skills. A C corporation deman ds that a board is constituted and the board will have the mandate of monitoring the operation by formulating policies and determining who to manage the business. In conclusion, the form of business determines the manner in which the business will be operated and managed apart from determining the amount of taxes to be give and other reporting requirements, It is therefore important that before a decision is made, the owners of the business should carefully analyze the merits and demerits of each business form in parliamentary law to make decisions that will ensure their demands are met.

Corporate Social Responsibility Literature review

integrated Social office - Literature review characterThis is what is now termed at Corporate Social Responsibility an organizations sense of responsibility to society, whether ecological, economical or social. (Schermerhorn 2010) The term Corporate Social Responsibility was coined way back in 1953 by Howard R Bowen in his book Social Responsibilities of the Businessman. He may as well be considered the have of Corporate Social Responsibility. (Mhatre 2010) According to the Financial Times Lexicon, Corporate Social Responsibility is a chore approach that delivers realizes in threefold economic, social and purlieual, to completely the stakeholders and as a result leads to sustainable development. (lexicon.ft.com) Corporate Social Responsibility covers a gamut of activities ranging from human rights and working conditions to environmental health and development of the economy. While Corporate Social Responsibility was initially just considered a fancy term for generosity, tim es have now changed. Globalization and the ensuing awareness virtually the deteriorating environment and other social and economic issues around the world have ensured that there is a space for more responsibility that rests with every organization. Whether it is social and economic issues much(prenominal) as poverty and lack of education for children in certain areas of the world or environmental issues such as global warming and the increased deoxycytidine monophosphate footprint, every organization straightaway is now expected to focus on a certain cause and give back to the fellowship. It is not just about generosity or being charitable. It is about a more united world one wherein organizations are making returns. So why not keep those that do not have access to so many privileges? And why not take care of the environment we live in? This is the role that CSR plays today in the daily functioning of an organization. Spreading awareness and the word that there is a need for organizations with power and resources to help those who need it, and the environment we live in, for the benefit of one and all. Hay, Stavens and Vietor (2005) summarise the meaning of Corporate Social Responsibility in their book Environmental Protection and the Social Responsibility of Firms. According to them, CSR is a agreeable pattern in which offstage firms do more than they are required to, based on laws and regulations governing the environment, worker safety and health and financial contributions in the communities in which they operate. (Hay, Stavens and Vietor 2005) This definition is perhaps the most comprehensive, expressing not only the variety of functions of Corporate Social Responsibility but as well as stressing on the fact that the organizations do more than they are just required to. Lord Holme and Richard Watts further adds to this perspective by stating, Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contri bute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large (qtd. in Baker 2005). CSR has become a very integral part of every organization large or small, private or public. Schilling and Steensma (2001) is of the opinion that it shows to the public that the organizations are not just ruthless entities that function to make a fatter bottom line, but that they are also humans at the end of the day who care about others and the environmen

What economic advantages did the Europeans gain from their conquests Essay

What economic advantages did the Europeans gain from their conquests in the new world - Essay ExampleThe 19th century cannister be attributed to the big boost in regards to the economic power experienced by the countries within Europe. This is the time that colonization was taking effect. It is during this time that countries such as Britain, Germany, Italy as well as France emerged as powers entailing industrialization and as such, due to this industrialization, the population in respective countries became high and production rose. During this colonialism era, social Darwinism was becoming more and more popular and as such, it was natural that these four economic super powers were engaging themselves in fierce competition towards survival. The driving force that led to colonization by these countries was to strengthen themselves in an effort towards securing a competitive edge in regard to the underlying competition between them (Milios 2004).The main reason behind colonialism, heedless of the country colonizing, was to exploit their subjects as well as the individuals who were residing within the boundaries of the colonies in an effort towards generation of the colonizers wealth in regards to the economy for the colonization as well as the corporations of that colony. The push for generation of the economic power is what led to the presence of slavery, particularly in Africa. People within the colonies world settled became subjected to coerced labor, that is, slavery or a system of labor characterized by indent. Most of the areas, which were being considered vast in regard to the natural habitats, became cleared and as such, they were being transformed into monoculture plantations (Milios 2004). Therefore, this paper will put a focus on the colonialism endeavors in regard to the European countries during their conquest of the new world and thereby do what economic gain that these countries actually achieved out of this conquest. In addition to this, t he paper will also access the driving force that led to the European countries

The Importance of Tea and Coffee in the Emergence of a Globalized Essay

The Importance of Tea and Coffee in the Emergence of a Globalized World - Essay ExampleWe havent had any afternoon tea for a week... The bottom is go forth of the Universe.1 It is quite evident what Kipling flavours due to that lack of tea. The bottom is out of the universe, meaning he cant find any balance in the universe. Nothing to make him steady on his feet. This is the importance of tea. Coffee drinkers feel the same as well, although there exists quite a rivalry among the two groups. The bottom line is the same. People cannot survive without their tea or coffee. From necessity, these drinks have nowadays taken a more in-chief(postnominal) place in our lives. At work, we get tea breaks that help us refresh ourselves, when we want to socialize, we usually puss up for coffee and so on.2 Coffee and tea have taken much(prenominal) an important role in our lives today that businessmen could only theorize of profiting out of this. Look at the success of coffee chains like Sta rbucks, Costa, Barista and so on and one can understand just exactly how important this drink is to us. Let us visit how these drinks came to be a part of the global economy. History of Tea Tea was said to be discovered in China almost 5,000 years ago. Legend says that in 2732 B.C., Emperor Shen Nung was exposed to tea when wild leaves leaves from a tree blew into his pot of boiling water. He was intrigued by the pleasant aroma of the brew and curiously drank some.3 It is said that the Emperor felt a warm feeling pass through his body as he drank the brew and said that he felt as if the liquid was investigating every part of his body. 4 The Emperor Shen Nung decided to name the brew cha, the Chinese character meaning to check or investigate. In 200 B.C., a Han Dynasty Emperor decided that tea would be referred to by writing a special character that illustrated wooden branches, grass, and a man between the two. This written character was also pronounced cha. It symbolized the balance that tea brought in human life.5 The quaternary to 8th century saw a great growth spurt for tea. It was now used for more than medicinal purposes and began to be enjoyed even recreationally for pleasure and refreshment. in that location were more and more tea plantations across the country and all that dealt in the crop ended up rich Upto the mid-17th century though, all tea was green. When this tea was fermented, people realized that the resultant black tea could hold the aroma longer and was stronger than the mild green teas. This also meant that they could export these teas as they would not fall asleep their aromas and flavor on the journey. Thus, with the advent of foreign trade, black tea was discovered and was a huge success. Role of Tea in Globalization From the start, tea mobilise from China to different countries such as Tibet, Japan, Russia and Europe. In all these countries, tea has its own space in medicine, culture and status. In Tibet, tea was used as a currency. In Japan, a special Tea Ceremony was created. It is now a very integral part of Japanese lifestyle. Tea is served with every meal and served while greeting guests. In Russia, the Trans-Siberian Railway was constructed to help transport tea. In Europe, tea is treated as a status symbol. Tea based traditions such as Afternoon Tea and High Tea were also said to be created in Europe. While one is more of a light refreshment, the support is an entire meal. Until 1678, tea trade was dominated by the Dutch. But post that, the British began to import tea on a commercial basis and that created a completely new

New Technology of Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 54

New Technology of Management - Case Study ExampleVarious separate of the system are obsolete or redundant. The process at Double B Builders, for instance, entails double functions of creating information in Excel before keying the same in Microsoft Word. The management at Double B Builders recognizes the need for a new system based on ineffectiveness of the current system. Manual preparation of reports deep down the beau monde remains in tandem with external demands. Organizations have to automate the entire process of managing expenses as well as accounting(Mackey &Sisodia, 2013).It is common for companies and other institutions to take significant inefficiencies because of increased costs of processing information. The high cost also includes efforts aimed at the gathering recording, coordinating and disseminating information often undertake manually (Simmons, 2012). Therefore, top-level executives at Double B Builders placed enhancing housing processes as a top strategic priorit y with the aim of enhancing faculty. The new system uses various elements of modern teaching and communication technology. The process entails using web-based applications, submission, approving, and reporting of information. With the help of the new software system, Builders B moves away from paper-based solutions to electronic channels. Applications in the new software system addresses company questions in many areas including utilization, billing, compliance the company policy on entertainment and travel, client profitability, as well as aspects of rebilling expenses. The new software system increases efficiency at Builders B in many ways. The system centralizes the management of times of reporting by employees and other workers in addition to entertainment and travel expenses. The systems impart improve safekeeping of policies for Builders B. The new system also helps in close monitoring to improve compliance (Simmons, 2012).

Musical Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Musical Autobiography - Essay ExampleIt was one of the most famous verses at that time, which became the depression international local song, familiar to all world cultures (The Center for American Music). Old Folks at Home is a song about the need for ones family home, childhood memories, and the security of a family. No matter how far we go, we always miss de hoary plantation and for de old folks at home (Foster).This song has been performed by many singers, but I like best Paul Robesons interpretation from 1926. I first listened to it as an 8-year-old girl with my father, who is a big fan of Paul Robeson. This song used to accompany our family dinners, long car trips and outings. Today, when I feel sad and lonely, I play Old Folks at Home and I cerebrate about my family in Korea. This songs allows me to realize that even though I am so far away from my family, we are still close at heart. I know that I have a family that cares for me and a home where I entrust always be welcom ed.Another song that reminds me of my childhood in Korea is edulcorate, performed by H.O.T, which was my favorite band when I was in primary school. H.O.T was the most usual boy band in Korea at that time and all my relay transmitters were their big fans. We all collected pictures and posters of H.O.T and we were spending a lot of time practicing the choreography of Candy.Although my musical tastes have changed with time, sometimes I like listening to Candy and thinking with nostalgia of the days when my biggest worry was lack of some poster of H.O.T. that my best friend had already had on the wall. This song reminds me of my pre-teen days, my first crash on Kang Ta one of the members of the band, and the great moments I spent singing and dancing with my friends. I think that preadolescence is a very important stage in our lives, when we start to develop meaningful friendships, we have increased feelings of independence, and we

Organozational behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organozational behavior - Assignment ExampleThe rakehell managers are normally promoted within the organization and usually do not possess any formal education. The immediate responsibilities of front line include day to day vigilance of employees, managing the operational responsibilities, providing technical expertise, monitoring the organisational process, checking the quality of the work (CIPD, 2013). Some of the major responsibilities of the line managers include planning the objectives, prioritizing the work and communicating these work responsibilities to the employees, programming the work of the employees and detailing the work of the employees on monthly or weekly basis, managing the financial resources by monitoring the budget (ACAS, 2009). The line managers manage the employees by treating the employees as and by creating a congenial work atmosphere (ACAS, 2009). They also set well defined performance standards ensure that the employees meet the objectives and the per formance standards and conduct limited review meetings which help in facilitating communication. The way line managers present themselves has a significant impact on the performance of the employees. Every organization goes done transformational changes which can reserve positive or negative impacts on the performance of the employees. To survive and be successful an organization needs to embrace the technological, cultural, behavioural changes with open arms. Creative existence ensures the long term growth and survival of the organization (Rahimi, Damirchi and Seyyedi, 2011). The line managers play a pivotal role in the creation and facilitation of the innovative, cultural and technological surroundings of the organization (Rahimi, Damirchi and Seyyedi, 2011). Organizational Culture & Line Management Organizational culture is defined as shared values and understandings that guide the actions of those in organizations (Patti, Fok and Hartman, 1999, p.218). Effective organizati onal culture provides a work environment which helps the employees to align their personal interest with the organizational objectives (ACAS, 2009). Organizational culture is modified by certain management practices through employee selection, rewards, recognition, strategic direction and innovation (Rahimi, Damirchi and Seyyedi, 2011). Although there are various organizational and environmental factors which affect the organizational performance but the management behaviour and organizational culture plays a key role in the in the employee performance. The organizational environment helps in shaping the management behaviour. However, line managers need to behave and nurse leadership oriented title of management to help increase employee performance, innovation and behaviour (Rahimi, Damirchi and Seyyedi, 2011). Firstly, line managers and the top level managers need to identify the leadership style required to increase the organizational effectiveness. Secondly, the leadership sty le adopted by the line managers currently should be modified as per the organizational culture and employee behaviour. The line manager has to keep one thing in mind that employee behaviour, expectation and performance may vary with different subject field cultures. The difference in the national culture reflects the difference in the organizational structure and management (Lok and Crawford, 2004). For example

Time Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Time Management - Essay ExampleInstead, it focuses on implementation of strategies that are involved in the process of measure allocation. This paper explores issues regarding time management in nursing profession, through elaboration of strategies involved. Numerous empirical investigations have indicated that nurses should develop a garments of arriving early in their workplaces. Therefore, by arriving early, nurses get enough time to read reports, hand cover sheets, organizes their work and settle their minds (Woogara, 2012). Moreover, apart from arriving early, they evict also develop a habit of making notes for their personal use. These notes are obtained from hand cover sheets and reports. In fact, they can also develop dips or grids containing patients names and related tasks. Besides, these notes incorporate a list of activities to be undertaken during the day, and objectives that should be achieved (Woogara, 2012). Nonetheless, nurses should estimate time required for c ompleting each task, and this can prevent misallocation of time on some tasks, thereby neglecting other(a)s. Given that nursing is a highly challenging profession, there are chances of having numerous tasks, which cannot be completed within the working hours. Moreover, this leads to increases changes in prioritization of these tasks (Fedor, 2013). For instance, changes in prioritization of tasks occur in situations where patients pack urgent attention. Nevertheless, it is wise to consider the pace of tasks in nursing practice, which can lead to burning out and stress. Therefore, time management techniques are designed in ways that facilitate achievement of objectives and preventing burning out or stress (Fedor, 2013). In this case, time management techniques are subdivided into seven strategies, which include Planning treat profession has an aspect of unpredictability thus, it calls for setting strategies and planning on ways to undertake various tasks (Tucker, 2013). The nurse i s required to make necessary plans such as competing patients paperwork, establishing ways to deal with patients needs, making submissions of laboratory requests and attending staff meetings (Tucker, 2013). Task that are completed are noted in a to-do-list, thereby dowery nurses to stay focused. In this case, nurses are able to ensure that time is not wasted. Nurses are urged to assess their lists in order to modify it through deletion or addition of items based on their importance and urgency (Tucker, 2013). Therefore, planning enables nurses to manage their time and reduce chances of forgetting important things. Prioritization Prioritization of tasks can facilitate management of time, thereby modify nurses to attend to their tasks depending on level of urgency (Woogara, 2012). In this case, nurses should arrange tasks to be undertaken during the day based on their priorities in order to allow them identify tasks that can be postponed (Woogara, 2012). For instance, care of patien ts and their satisfaction should be highly prioritized by nurses. Therefore, they are supposed to complete tasks that are highly prioritized, thereby eliminating chances of forgetting or delaying tasks (Woogara, 2012). On the other hand, nurses are urged to revisit

Family Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Family Interview - Essay Examplenter with a close relative the likes of an aunt in this case gives an insight into the effect of the colonial socio-political and economic structure that has remained to define Haiti society to date. Critical assessment of the Haiti history shows significant cultural homogeneity with emphasis on religious practices that is dominated by Christianity. Of sensitive interest is the voodoo religion which can be traced back to the central African natives blended with American natives during the slavery period. It is therefore in the interest of the scholars and general public to understand the series of social reconstruction that Haiti has gone through in order to attain its current identity. Even the name was changed and some events are undertaken to date in commemoration of the French departure in the era of Marcus guvey.A family audience forms an important primary source of data in as far as the history and contemporary culture of Haiti is concerned. Bes ides, the information obtained reflect significant boilers suit socio-economic and political trend across Latin America.My Aunt who was the respondent in this interview used the concept of health as being based on the equilibrium and balance between hot (cho) and cold (fret). She holds the strong belief that sadness, excessive anger and fear are key health contributors. She believes that the spiritual well up being i.e. being prayerful is an indication of spiritual good while illness is a result of a wrong doing and disrespect to the deity.Growing up in the Port au Prince Haiti, my Aunt had three sisters and four brothers. Her parents were raised in Haiti though moved to the US in their late twenties. She went to the United States when she was cardinal eight and grew up together with her siblings, which strengthened the family bond between them. They are so close that a day barely passes without the siblings meeting. My Aunts mother was born in Ouanaminthe which is a small town i n the Northern part of Haiti, with an approximated

Zinc finger proteins Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Zinc finger proteins - Research Paper Example fold up characteristics but the most abundant and well studied is the classical Cys2His2 (Laity, Lee, and Wright 39) The nature of ZFP is such that they conveniently act as building blocks for many molecules and often draw in clusters. As such, their molecular nature permits them to be easily shuffled, duplicated or even altered through evolution. In the contemporary biotechnology world, they fit suddenly into re-engineering purposes and technology for numerous binding properties that find important use in research (Chang, Jiao, et al. 1426).ZFP and its high affinity for binding DNA is involved in binding of repressors and transcription activators which are very important in regulating expression of genes in a cell. These ZPF have varied protein folds that dictate DNA binding of special sequences like the helix-helix-turn which arouses the need to use them in therapy or research. ZFP have structural independence that are conserved and interconnected by linkers (Guo, Gaj and Barbas 96). These linkers are HC and named so because the offset and last units are hystidine and cysteine residues. The hallmark radius and pitch of ZFP is gotten from H-C residues perfect interaction leading to right handed helix formation. Zif268 which is a transcript factor contains troika finger domains where the -helix interacts with the major groove of DNA (Mandel-Gutfreund, Baron and Margalit 141).Three consecutive DNA bases interact with all the three fingers through hydrogen bonds. Specificity of the interaction is derived from the interaction of the routine positioned amino acid residue on the -helix with the triplet of the secondary strand. In the end, the conserved residues undergo tertiary folding while each domains specificity is brought by the variable domains (Sumedha, Roy et al. 484).Control and regulation of gene expression has been shown to be an important aspect of ZFP through using specific selected three ZF peptides. This was initially undertaken in

METR Homework 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

METR Homework 2 - Assignment ExamplePrecipitation can fall as rain, hail, snow or sleet. Once precipitation reaches the group, it forms step forward water which often ends up in springs, lakes, rivers, ocean, sea and even underground water.Low, thick clouds reflect solar radiation thus cool the surface of the Earth. High, thin clouds transmit incoming solar radiation. They also entrap some of the outgoing infrared radiation released by the Earth and emit it back downward (Hobbs 67). This warms the earth surface.Ocean, sea and lake surfaces and rain forests deport showtime albedos they reflect only a small percentage of the suns energy. Deserts, ice, and clouds, however, have high albedos they reflect a large percentage of the suns energy. Low or high albedo may result into either high or low temperature in an area. The greenhouse effect often produced by greenhouse gases is also brought about by clouds which absorb long wavelength (infrared) radiation from the surface of the earth give out some of it back down. Additionally the re-radiation of infrared radiation from the Earths surface may simply reflect it back to the surface. This essentially is the electromagnetic radiation of the earth surface which affects the local temperature of an area. Cloud greenhouse forcing effect can cause temperatures of an area to increase. Its negative causes the opposite.Aerosol serve as nuclei for cloud formation, the diagram above shows elemental outlook of the processes involved in the production, growth, and eventual removal of atmospheric aerosol particles. Aerosols act as Cloud Condensation Nuclei, cloud droplets are formed through this nucleus. Aerosols also affect the quality of clouds. Studies have shown that high amounts of aerosols in the clouds will cause more than normal droplets in the clouds.Regions in North and South the States have high citrus clouds. Reflection, absorption and transmission of cirrus clouds layers in the near infrared wavelength and the v isible have been reported by a compute of

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example for Free

Teenage Pregnancy EssayOne of the societal problems that our country encounters is the teenage pregnancy or the early pregnancy. Many Teenagers ar involve in premarital wake. This also lead to other societal problem like overpopulation and poverty. The sexual revolution has ushered in a period in which the average teenager experiences tremendous pressures to set out sexual experiences of all kinds. Filipino teens get a higher exposure to sex from the Internet, magazines, TV shows, movies and other media than decades ago, yet without any check increase in information on how to handle the input. So kids are pretty much left to other kids for opinions and value formation when it comes to sex. Sexual misinformation is hence equally shared in the group. Parents at home and teachers in school feel equally inadequate or uneasy to discuss the topic of sex with youngsters.The problem mounts because the barkada (gang) has a more profound influence than parents do and they exert pres sure and expect the adolescent to conform to the rest of them. In the Philippines, according to the 2002 novel Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study by the University of the Philippines Population Institute (Uppi) and the Demographic Research and Development Foundation, 26 percent of our Filipino youth comprehensive from ages 15 to 25 admitted to having a premarital sex experience. What?s worse is that 38 percent of our youth are already in a live-in arrangement. In fact, female adolescents whose friends engage in sexual behavior were found to be more likely to do the same compared to those who do not associate with such(prenominal) peers. If the teen perceives her peers to look negatively at premarital sex, she was more likely to start sex at a later age. Teenage mothers tend to have poor eating habits and are less likely to take recommended daily multivitamins to maintain adequate nutrition during pregnancy.They are also more likely to smoke, plight or take drugs during pregnancy , which can cause health problems for the baby. Unplanned pregnancies lead to a higher rate of abortions. In the Philippines, although abortion is illegal, it would shock you to know that we up to now have a higher abortion rate (25/1,000 women) .For sure, there are more abortions that happen in our country that are not even reported. Backdoor abortions are resorted to with untrained ?hilots? with questionable sterility procedures, increasing the possibility for tetanus poisoning and other complications. Even though there are many ways to tour of duty this problem, there will always be the lak of discipline of the teenagers.That is why there is the controversial RH Bill which will solve the problem or mayhap it cannot.

Corporate Social Responsibility and branding Essay Example for Free

Corporate Social Responsibility and stigmatisation Essay1. IntroductionIn this chapter the background of the thesis will be presented and discussed. Moreover, a literature review, question problem and query drumheads will be introduced in order to get an go outing of the study purpose. This is followed by the limitations and disposition.1.1 BackgroundThe companies of directly ar very cognizant of what the in the public eye(predicate) and other stakeholders demand from the companies way of handle their responsibilities (Burchell, 2008). In order to form a strategy for the protection of their brand paradigm and reputation many companies find themselves engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility activities (Kotler and Lee 2005), from now on abbreviated CSR. The desire of doing well and doing sizable in the society in which the political party is operating retain been of increasing interest world wide during the last decade. As a result, corporate reportage on social re sponsibility initiatives chiffonier much often be found in companies commercialiseing strategies (Kotler and Lee, 2005). Even though CSR activities are increasing among todays organizations in that location is still lack of a general universally definition of this concept (Crowther and Capaldi, 2008). that in a broad perspective CSR is soundless and suckd as the way companies integrate social, economic and environmental matters into their internal organization (values, culture, decision making and strategy), which leads to establishment of better society, wealth and better practices at bottom the phoner (Horrigan, 2010).Considering the breadth of CSR it can subsequently be described in many different names corporate responsibility, corporate sustainability, corporate accountability, corporate citizenship, sustainable development etc (Benn and Bolton, 2011). In a shorter explanation, CSR can therefore be explained as the relationship between a corporation and its stakehold er (Crowther and Capaldi, 2008). Already in 1972 the American professor in contrast Administration, Dow Votaw, stated that the amount pages on social responsibility written in our time would fill up a small library. As it turns out, he was right. CSR is here to stay. The idea of taking responsibility beyond what the fair play demands has increased since the millennial shift (Borglund, DeGeer and Sweet, 2012). Especially big organizations, both in the public and private sectors, are engaging in these kinds of activities (Burchell, 2008).The benefits of a companys usage of CSR activities can lead to a better position in the market and a positive return on investment. On top of that of course the benefits for society, such as improvement of life or a cleaner environment (Kotler and Lee, 2005). On the other hand, many view CSR mainly as a step towards a reputation as a trusty business and as good citizens (Burchell, 2008). Either how, risks by avoiding to use this concept can lead t o lack of legitimacy for the organization. Meyer and Rowan (1977) also claim that when having a business it is all-important(prenominal) to be accepted and to be legitimacy in the environment as well as having utile and structured internal processes to survive. According to Grusch (2006) consumers actively inspect the local behavior of international companies.Their out-sourced ventures are also being observed, and breeding regarding possible bad behavior reaches the ears of the public much more quickly than it employ to. Consequently, to the stakeholders awareness and other factors that can have an impact on a companys survival, it is therefore important for companies to establish private-enterprise(a) advantage. Differentiation is a way to ensure competitive advantage. By using a differentiation strategy a companys key strengths and core competencies builds up, and this is where CSR has an important role for a companys brand as it gets differentiate by incorporating it in th e corporate image. This kind of action can generate to better brand attitudes and in the keen-sighted run this will result in brand loyalty (Grant, 2008).1.2 Literature review1.3 Problem discussionAs stated in the background, CSR is a burning question among todays companies. Stakeholders are starting to put more pressure on companies responsibility in the society they are operating in, therefore, in order to get a competitive advantage CSR has become a major tool in their marketing strategy (Kotler and Lee, 2005).A branding law defined by Werther and Chandler (2005) shows that CSR will evoke attitudes towards the brand. Are these attitudes positive it will be lead to positive purchase decision and loyal customers, which give companies competitive advantage (Roper and Fill 2012). In Kotler and Lees book (2005) Corporate Social Responsibility Doing the nearly good for your company and your cause, they are describing examples of well-known organizations that have used CSR to increa se their brand value. It has therefore been a shift reduce in the CSR debate, nowadays it is more a debate of how CSR activities should be used and how effective it can be used as a branding tool, rather than if companies should use this concept or not (Smith, 2003). Based on the debate the question that arises is therefore in what way should CSR activities be used in order to be effective for a positive attitude towards the brand?Today there are many studies relating to the area of CSR. Research does suggest there is a positive relationship between CSR and consumer attitudes towards brands and companies (Creyer and Ross 1997 Ellen, Mohr and Webb, 2000 Lacey and Kennet-Hensel, 2010). It is also shown in studies that CSR activities influence how the consumer behave when a certain brand appear in their mind (Becker-Olsen et al., 2006 Nhattacharya and Sen, 2004). However, most of these studies are focusing on people and brand science in developed countries.The literatures were more s pecialized of how the CSR influences image of the brand in the western world and how the western public persuaded the brand of the CSR activities. When doing literature research, the amount of research studies round CSR in underdeveloped countries were of a narrow amount. No study could be found about CSRs link to branding in a growths countries perspective, further, about how the locals (employers of the company and the consumer in the developing farming) brand perception of CSR activities are.As the real life stories in Kotler and Lees book (2005) showed that CSR has an effective link to the brand. However, most of the organizations were conducting the CSR activities in the country they operated in and the society had a good knowledge of what CSR is. Likewise, a study showed that the brand would be effected and look different if the consumers were aware of CSR of the companies (Boulstridge and Carrigan 2000). So the question that can be asked and discussed is if it will appear an effective link to a companys brand in a country that is not developed?A research gap is therefore determine. If we place and conduct a study conducted in a western world in a developing countrys context, would the outcome be the same? Would there be a similar link between CSR and branding there?1.4 PurposeThe purpose of this thesis is to get a robuster understanding of the link between a companys CSR and its branding in a developing country. Based on the purpose the following research questions will be presented 1. What kind of CSR activities are being used to effectively increase positive attitudes towards the companys brand? 2. In what way is a companys CSR linked to its brand in the Philippines? 3. And how do these attitudes create value for the brand?2. ruleological analysisIn this chapter the research methodology applied in this thesis will be discussed. A description regarding the method design of the study will be explained in the following order research design, data collection, validity and reliability and data analysis.2.1 Research approachThere are three type of studies identified by Yin (2003) exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. An exploratory research design tries to define the research question and form the hypothesis. A descriptive research in the other hand, tries to describe a different characteristic of a phenomena that arises. When doing a descriptive caseful study the data collection is being guided by theories. When conducting the explanatory research design it is about how it explains course of events and relate how things happened (Yin, 2003).According to Yin (2003) this thesis can be seen as a descriptive research as it will focus on describing what impact CSR has on branding. When using a descriptive research the problem is structured and understood, which means that existing literature about the topic of CSR and branding (Ghauri and Gronhaug 2010). And this kind of research is mainly done when a researcher wants to gain an even better knowledge of a specific topic (Gill and Johnson, 2010). Due to the research purpose, which is to investigate how CSR influences on a companys brand in the Philippines this research method fits the best among the three other ways.3.2 Research designI chose case studies method, because it enhances the understanding of what is going on in a particular case and it can involve a detailed investigation (Yin, 2009). This information that is gained from case studies are therefore relevant to answer some of my problem and research questions as I want to investigate companies CSR activities and observe these activities in order to understand its impact on the brand which is the data collection in my first section of the study. By a case study approach observations of a companies activities can be captured, which is in a way impossible to capture through questionnaires and interviews (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2010).3.3.1 The case studyIn the beginning of March I will pass away to t he Philippines to carry on an eight weeks field study which will give me the opportunity to study some Swedish/International companies CSR activities and how these activities affect their brand perception by interviewing the consumers and workers in country. The case study will therefore obtain information to fulfill my purpose. The choice of companies The information obtained will be from companies that use CSR activities in the Philippines. In order to fill the research gap I will be aiming for to study companies with well-known CSR activities.2.3 Data collectionA qualitative method will be used in order to collect the information for this thesis. Regarding to Trost (2005) a qualitative method is described as a method where the interviewer gathers the information on the interviewees feelings, thoughts and experiences. Hence, to the search of a deeper understanding of how CSR affects the brand perception, this qualitative approach fit the purpose of the thesis because it can give m e a deep information regarding the employees and consumers opinions and feelings towards CSR in the Philippines and the brand which is the aim of this study.2.3.1 Qualitative interview designSemi-structures face-to-face-interview.4.4 Validity in qualitative researchDescriptive validity refers to the degree to which the certain description holds true (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2010 p. 210). Bias When interviewing the respondents a lifting description of the brand can appear, because they have been chosen to do this certain interview about the companies actions. Language is the elementary tool of interviewing, and may especially be important in qualitative interviewing (Kvale, 1989). The interviews will be conducted by me in English and since communication is a very important in order to get the information it can appear some small misunderstanding as English is not my mother language. But by conducting a face to face interview, the body language and face expression will increase the val idity of the interviews.REFERENCESKotler, P., Wong, V., Saunders, J. and Armstrong, G. (2004). Principles of Marketing, 4th European edition. New jersey FT- Prentice Hall.Burchell, J. 2008. The Corporate Social Responsibility Reader. London and New York Routledge.Kotler, P. and Lee, N. (2005) Corporate Social Responsibility Doing the Most Good for Your Company and Your Cause, Hoboken, New Jersey.Crowther, D. and Capaldi, N. (2008). The ashgate research companion to Corporate Social Responsibility. MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, CornwallSuchman, M. C. (1995) Managing Legitimacy Strategic and Institutional Approaches. Academy of Management Review, Vol 203, p 571-610.Benn, S. and Bolton, D. (2011). Key Concepts in Corporate SocialResponsibility. rational Publications Ltd LondonWerther, W.B. And Chandler, D. (2005) Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility as Global Brand Insurance, Business Horizons 48317-24.Boulstridge, E and Carrigan, M.Do consumers really circumspection about corporate responsbility? Highlighting the attitude behavior gap. Journal of communication management, (2000) 359-360Gill, J and Johnson, P, 2010, Research Methods for Managers 4th Edition. SAGE Publications LtdGhauri, P and Gronhaug, K, 2010, Research Methods in Business Studies 4th edition. Pearson Education Limited.Trost, J, 2005, Kvalitativa intervjuer. Studentlitteratur, Lund.Halvorsen, K. (1989). Samhllsvetenskaplig Metod. Oslo Studentlitteratur ABYin, R.K, 2009, Case Study Research Design and Method. London SAGEEllen, P.S., Webb, D.J. Mohr, L.A. (2006). Building corporate associations consumer attributions for corporate socially responsible programs. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34 (2), 147-57. doi 10.1177/0092070305284976Creyer, E. H., Ross, W. T., Jr. (1997). The influence of firm behavior on purchase intention Do consumers really dispense about business ethics? Journal of Consumer Marketing, 14(6), 42132. doi 10.1108/07363769710185999

A Serious Games Overview Education Essay

A just Games Overview Education EssayComputer and video naughtys are normally known unders likewised as a form of entertainment. However, surprisingly and rapidly they are becoming recognized as providing a powerful doer for registering and being called secure Games, both among educators and the plunk fory development community. A lot of research is being conducted to explore monstrous Games possibilities. This paper investigates the notion of blues as means for learning/ planning Serious Games, will look to the available definitions, investigate its relations with other terms and categories Entertainment/ Learning /Gamification show its applicability, limitations and lastly we will suggest afterlife studies to be conducted close to it.IntroductionTodays unspoiled games is a big and somber business the serious game sector is expected to grow signifi burn downtly in the medium term. In 7th of July 2010 IDATE (market analysis and consulting firm) released its Serious Gam es market report where is estimated that serious games in 2010 generated 1.5 billion EUR in revenue around the globe, and that by 2015 gross sales will be al virtually seven times what they are in 2010 with an average annual growth rate of 47% between 2010 and 2015. 1A learn question, when discussing serious games, is what the concept itself actually means. regular(a) a brief survey of the literature soon reveals that there seems to be as many definitions available as there are actors involved, but most agree on a core meaning that serious games are (digital) games apply for findings other than mere entertainment. other question of interest concerns the cl makeed positive effects of such games, or of applications from related and sometimes overlapping areas Entertainment, Learning and Gamification. In gain to obvious advantages, equal allowing learners to run into situations that are impossible in the real world for reasons of safety, cost, time, etc. (Corti, 2006 2 Squire Jenkins, 2003 3). However, it is not the case that all games are good for all learning outcomes (van Eck, 2006 4). The aim of this paper is to suck in a closer look at some aspects of these issues.A lot of emphasis is putted into gaming, gaming types, gaming advantages and disadvantages. There been many studies most it, as people looking to it as the untested innovative way that may enhance our life.We will start our research by defining Games in general to subset from it Serious games, then explore SG definitions, explore SG relation with Entertainment games, Learning and Gamification. After that we will look to SG attributes, applicability, limitations to finally suggest some strength research area.An overview of GamesThis paper foc make use ofs on the domain of serious games and since SG is a subset of games we will take first a look at Game definition to end from their a start point for our research.A game is a system in which doers engage in an abstract challenge, defin ed by rules, interactivity, and feedback, that results in a quantifiable outcome often eliciting an emotional reaction. By Koster is his seminal work A Theory of Fun 5According to Caillois flow and games fall on a continuum between what he terms ludus, rule bound games and paidia, anarchic playing, therefore we need first to antitheticaliate between game and play. Whereas the word play is used for games as well as for toys, there is a difference. Following Caillois concept in his book Man, Play and Games (2001)6 we can light on the difference, Caillois describes paidia and ludus as ii poles of play activities. Where paidia (playing) describes free-form, expressive, improvisational behaviors and meanings, ludus (gaming), on the other side, characterizes rule-based playing with determined goals.In matter of serious games we are talking about ludus with a mount of having a utilisation behind playing the game. So we can define play as it is less the opposite of seriousness than the vital ground of spirit as nature, a form of res channelizet and freedom at one and the same time. (Gadamer, 1986) 7The Concept of Serious GamesThe term serious game is not new the first time term was introduced by Clark Abt who discussed the term in his Serious Games book in 1970. 8Serious games commonly refer to games used for training, advertising, mask, or teaching method that are architectural planed to run on personal computers or video game consoles. However searching the web, a number of different definitions are available, such asGames that do not have entertainment, enjoyment, or sportsman as their primary purpose (Michael subgenus subgenus Chen, 2006, p. 21) 9The use of computer game and simulation approaches and/or technologies for primarily non entertainment purposes by (PIXELearning.com, 2006) 10Game-based learning/serious games is all about leveraging the power of computer games to captivate and engage end-users for a specific purpose, such as to develop new no esis and skills. According to Corti (2006, p.1) 2Serious game is a mental contest, played with a computer in accordance with specific rules, that uses entertainment to further regime or corporate training, education, health, public policy, and strategic communication objectives. by Zydas (2005, p.26) 11When comparing serious games with just computer games, Zyda argues that serious games have more than just story, art, and software. It is the addition of pedagogy (activities that educate or instruct, thereby imparting knowledge or skill) that makes games serious. However, he also stresses that pedagogy essential be subordinate to story and that the entertainment component comes first. 11 any(prenominal) consider fun the prime factor in games and education and, according to Prensky (2001) 12, games should be fun first and then should encourage learning. Similarly, Michael and Chen (2006) 9 argue, with regard to serious games, that the main point is to get frauds to learn something, and, if possible, have fun doing it.Fun, however, is neither the only form of entertainment, nor the only way to engage players in a game. Besides fun, there are several elements that contribute to players engagement. According to Corti (2006) 2, the motivational virtues of video games are what initially attract training and development professionals to modus operandi to game-based approaches, but there is a lot more to game based learning/serious games than simply using fun as a means to engage learners.Related Concepts to serious GamesThere are related and sometimes overlapping domains to Serious Games (Entertainment, Learning and Gamification) which we need to distinguish their relativity to Serious Games.Serious Gaming vs. Entertainment GamingAn adequate question to ask is how serious games differ from entertainment games. The below table compare Serious Games and Entertainment Games from Michael and Chen (2006) 9 view points where they discuss it from a design and development perspective following four criteria to compare Task/Experience, Focus, Simulations and CommunicationSerious gamesEntertainment gamesTask vs. repleteExperienceProblem solving in focusRich experiences preferredFocusImportant elements oflearning,To have funSimulationsAssumptions necessaryfor workable simulationsSimplified simulationProcessesCommunicationShould reflect natural(i.e., non-perfect)CommunicationCommunication is oftenPerfectThe differences between entertainment games and serious games -Table 1For serious games it is more important for the players that the pretense or simulation can be used to solve a problem, than providing rich experiences of the kind sought by terriblecore gamers. Further, for serious games it is essential that the most important elements of learning are in focus and that the assumptions necessary for making a simulation workable are correct, which if not the simulation will determine the falsely kinds of skills. Entertainment games, on the other han d, allow players to focus on the fun parts and to use a number of techniques for simplifying the simulation actes. In serious games, Michael and Chen (2006) 9 argue, it may be important to re hazard the use of such simplifying techniques. For example, serious games should respond more to the conscious decisions made by players than to chance, and therefore sulfur may be inappropriate. Another example is communication, which often is perfect (i.e., without delays and misunderstandings, etc.) in entertainment games, whereas some serious training applications should rather reflect that communication precisely perfect.As with simulations and serious games, the distinction between entertainment games and serious games is not very clear either. It is evident that it is the goal of the first to entertain, and of the latter to educate/train/inform the player. However in some situations entertainment games are used for serious purposes as well. In addition to that serious game designers, researches argue that fun can be a crucial element to motivate a player to continue playing a serious game.SG and LearningThe recognition and toleration of games as learning technologies has helped educators in utilizing games as a means for providing serious learning opportunities for players.With games understood as learning technologies, the question arises as to whats different about the learning when games compared to that typically within schools.One of the more obvious differences resides with the control afforded to the learner as player, where the state of control is typically afforded to players in games and teachers in schools. Games, therefore, kick in a learner-centered approach to learning, whereas traditional education presents a teacher-centered approach.The other different is that in games it is up to players to construct for themselves, their own knowledge, whereas in the latter, it is up to teachers to transfer knowledge to the learner. So the two processes of t eaching and learning can be argued as quite different. Learning can be understood as a process whereby learners active construct knowledge through experience and interaction, whereas teaching traditionally is a process by which teachers distribute knowledge to learners through transmissionThe design of serious games games with a focus on education should be about creating meaningful experiences and activities for players, rather than a means for transmitting knowledge from the game to the playerSerious Games and GamificationSerious games and gamification are both trying to solve a problem, motivate people, and promote learning using game-based thinking and techniques.Serious games tend to take the approach of using a game within a well-defined game space, while gamification tends to take the use of a game outside of a defined space and apply the concept to items like walking up steps piano stairs.So we can say that serious games are created by using game-based chemical mechanism, p hilosophy, and game thinking to engage people, motivate action, promote learning, and solve problems. In other words, they are created through the gamification of traditional learning content. 8, 11, 13Serious Games Attributes flat after defining serious game and discuss it, in relation to other related concept, we need to highlight some of the common game attributes that must be taken in consideration when developing it .These are some suggested attributes by Anne Derryberry 14Back-story and story line Every game has a story upon which it is based, and a story line that it follows, even if inferred. The story line is not the game play itself, but rather the rationale for the game play.Game mechanics These adhesive friction all the specific functions within a game, including such things as how the games physical world behaves in-game weather and the actions a character takes when given a command.Rules The corollary to game mechanics are the rules of the game ,the constraints in gam e play that exist on every players actions and abilitiesImmersive graphical environment This is the sensory representation of the experience layer of the game, including 2D/3D graphics, sound, and animation. This environment can be static (it resets at the end of each player session) or persistent (it continues to evolve even when a player isnt logged in).Interactivity This focuses on the impact a players actions have on the world and includes issues of persistence and player interactionChallenge/ disputation This is at the heart of any game. The competition might be against the game, against ones self, or against other players.Risks and consequences These must attend every challenge, but they exist in the safe game environment where the consequences of an action or decision do not impact the real world.Serious Games AdvantagesThe idea of using games for work and in workplace generates a lot of excitement and evoke to both employer and employees. This excitement is a result of the advantages games. Some of this advantageous are as follows 15Engagement Games are compelling and maybe addictive and the engagement it produces is heavy to match with other training methods.Games feel safe Games provide a safe place to practice, where learners know they will not be penalized for their mistakes. Playing games can be a safe place to try different approaches, to experiment, and to make mistakes and to fail.Reduce Cost and Complexity of training The cost of developing game is usually lower than cost of other types of training.Get direct feedback It is often possible for the educator to watch or replay complex learner actions during the game, something that would be arduous to achieve in a real-life demo.Situated cognition Games are potent partly because the learning takes place within a meaningful (to the game) context. What you must learn is directly related to the environment in which you learn and demonstrate it thus, the learning is not only relevant but applied and practiced within that context By researcher Van Eck,The most common application areas for Serious Games areHealth Care Applications range from patient treatment to health education for medical practitioners. As an example of SG in medical staff training, haptic technology provides people a sense of touch in computer-generated environments 16.Military/ administration Using game-based simulations, the military saves significant amounts of money, cutting expenditures in fuel, ammunition, maintenance, and so on. In addition, games are generally orders of magnitude safer than live training while still offer significantly realistic and useful training experiences. For example, Americas Army AME 05 17Corporate The use of games in the corporate environment represents one of the fastest growing sectors of the serious games industry. Companies like IBM, CISCO and other technically savvy companies already use simulations and games to motivate staff to learn specific job-related skills 18 Games for Good Games for Good leverages game mechanics for hearty benefit. Games created for this segment of the industry hope to teach, train or simply generate awareness of a topic, an issue or a societal problem, therefore creating permute in thinking, actions or attitudes. Ex Games that teach young people to become globally conscious citizens, contributing their own solutions to social issues 18Education Games are ever-changing the way children learn, helping them think differently and stimulating new ways people of all ages can use their minds.Limitations of Serious GamesAlthough games can be effective learning environments, not all games are effective, nor are all games educational. Similarly, not all games are good for all learners or for all learning outcomes. By- Diana Oblinger, 2006Some of the possible issues that may limit Serious Games benefits and that need to be considered are as followsPlaying the game becomes more important than the learningCost of producing a gam e exceeds learning return on investmentGame takes a long time to produce and is ineffective at trainingGame too easy or too hardLearning curve to start playing game is too high for the target audienceLearner remembers game but not contentOther learning tools may be more effectiveInformation incomplete or inaccurate in the gameThe game is too difficult to maintain or keep up to dateKeys to Success in Serious GamesHow to make it work? How to ensure the purpose of the serious game is achieved? Suggesting here some tips to make serious games achieve its purpose and get the ultimate desired result. 19, 20, 21Know your target audience volume are different and so can be learners who will like different types of games, so its recommended to provide more than one game, targeted to different audiences as to incubate the different needs of people.Focus in on specific objectives and outcomes Choose a game that supports the learning objectives and content, but balance this with the requirement s of game play.Dont make the game too easy Easy learning games do not produce good learning outcomes. Learners are more likely to remember when things go wrongUse competition and/or collaboration As competition motivates learners and collaboration allows social learning that is effective in motivating behavioral change.Test Even the simplest games can have unexpected faults.Consider having learners create their own games This can be useful exercises because it requires the student to think through the subject thoroughly and think of challenges they may like to have.Future ResearchHow to prove that Serious Games business is really worth it and how to calculate the ROI? I believe this is one of the hardest question approach serious games, as such a 11 relationship between a game and a desired outcome is often hard to tease out in something as nebulous as diversity training.Another interesting search area will be a Customized Serious Games design represents a new, complex area of desi gn for the game world. Where designers have unique opportunities to make a significant contribution to game design, by organizing game play to focus on changing, in a predefined way, the beliefs, skills, and/or behaviors of those who play the game, while preserving the entertainment aspects of the game experience all based on different users needs.ConclusionThe fact that games are part of our everyday life in one way or another cannot be ignored and examples can transform from our direct gaming plays a game on your smart phone or online using your social network profile with your direct intent to play to indirect gaming collecting points via grocery shop cards without your intent to play.Games main goal is entertainment, but they have more universal applicability that gave particular functions in various aspects of everyday life. Which produce Serious Games, the games that are intended to not only entertain users, but have additional purposes such as education and training. They c an be similar to educational games, but are primarily focused on an audience outside of primary or supplementary education. Serious Games can be of any genre and many of them can be considered a kind of edutainment, but the main goal of a serious game is not to entertain, though the potential of games to engage is often an important aspect of the choice to use games as a teaching tool.When deciding to use a game for training, its important to clearly state your learning objectives and to determine exactly what advantages the game will provide to the player. If the game is too easy or too hard, or does not focus on the objectives, it may simply waste the learners time. Depending on the type of game you intend to use, you may need to go through a substantial testing phase to ensure success.A serious game is usually a simulation which has the look and feel of a game, but is actually a simulation of real-world events or processes. The main goal of a serious game is usually to train or educate users. Furthermore, in order to stimulate the learning effect of the players/trainees experiments, direct feedback from the game on the actions of the players is essential. Designing effective, engaging serious games requires theoretical understanding of learning, cognition, emotion, and play.