Sociology

Personal Narrative Curiosity Killed The Cat - 881 Words

â€Å"Curiosity killed the cat.† (Anonymous) I believe that was my parents’ perspective on life. In Indonesian custom, the young has to respect the elders, which include parents and teachers. Asking questions or questioning them was considered disrespectful. Holding on to that tradition, my parents taught me to hold on to my curiosity. This upbringing affected every aspect in my life, including my learning style and career options as well. I came from a long line medical field family from my mother side. My mother wanted me not to border the line of curiosity and stay within the cul-de-sac continuing the family tradition by becoming a doctor, a nurse, a midwife, or a pharmacist. During my school years, if anybody asked what I wanted to be when I grew up, of course my answer was to become a doctor. It was instilled in my mind, or so I thought until I met Mr. Tahyana and Aisha who had made a different in the way I view my life. My mother put me on rigorous daily routine of practicing math skills and science since early age . She believed that by mastering these subjects, I would have better chances in the future. I was in a confinement. This over powering method of parenting finally took a toll on me. It seemed that everything I did was not good enough for her. My hatred towards learning started to grow. School became so daunting, that I dreaded coming to school. I couldn’t concentrate, and slowly my grades were getting lower. In the midst of frustration, a friend of mineShow MoreRelated Japanese Alien and Japanese-American Poets In U. S. Relocation Camps4710 Words   |  19 Pagessome of the poetry also illustrates how, even though they might have been angry, the Japanese aliens and Japanese Americans acted very compliantly, having faith in their country that the situation would get better. One of the characters in Littles narrative poem muses I do not understand / at all, but if we must / go somewhere to serve / our country / then we must. Orders / are to be obeyed. Research on the subject r eveals, surprisingly, little resistance to the orders, with few instances of publicRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesstayed with his grandmother in Lawrence, Kansas. Grandmother Mary Langston, an American citizen of French, Cherokee, and African descent, was nineteen in 1855 when men tried to kidnap her and sell her as a slave. Her first husband, Lewis Leary, was killed in 1859 at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, during John Browns raid on the federal arsenal. Throughout Mary Langstons life, she treasured Lewiss bullet-riddled shawl, an emblem of his martyrdom. She often covered young Langston with it as he sleptRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesthe same experience. When you hear the details, you understand why. The symptoms are chronic diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, and fatigue. Also, she says, the park signs about Giardia are probably posted because the organisms cannot be killed by boiling. However, she admits that she isnt sure of her interpretation of the sign, and she agrees with Emilio that the nearby stream might not even contain Giardia, so she decides to do whatever the majority wants. She adds that the threeRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesPart II (1913) consists of an English-Ibo and Ibo-English dictionary, based on the Awka and Onitï€ ¬sha dialects. It has a rather complex and non-phonemic transcription of the vowels; tone is partially marked. Part III (1913) consists of Proverbs, narratives, vocabularies and Grammar, the vocabularies being of Awka, OniÄ a (Onitsha), Abo (Aboh), Ivitenu, and á »Å'jà ¡ (the last two being apparently extreme northern dialects). These vocabularies are based on the same list that Thomas uses in his SpecimensRead MoreSecurity Forces51988 Words   |  208 PagesMaintenance Conduct checks of assigned equipment to include all Surveillance, Target Acquisition, Night Observation Equipment and Communications. Perform Personal Hygiene Personal hygiene (cleanliness) practices safeguard health by protecting against the spread of disease causing germs. Improve Camouflage Continually reapply and imp rove personal and equipment camouflage to avoid being detected from the enemy. NOURISHMENT/RATIONS Issued MREs have the essential substances, in the right amounts and balanceRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesoutcomes. These learning outcomes provide a guide to the different sections of the chapter. Stop and think Each of the chapters contains ‘stop and think’ boxes. These are designed to form the basis for brief discussion amongst group members or for personal reflection on some key issue raised in the text. Case studies These are designed to enable the reader to relate theoretical issues to organization practice, or to give a practical organizational example. Ideas and perspectives These are designedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLeaders 399 Case Incident 1 Leadership Mettle Forged in Battle 400 Case Incident 2 Leadership Factories 400 13 Power and Politics 411 A Definition of Power 412 Contrasting Leadership and Power 413 Bases of Power 414 Formal Power 414 †¢ Personal Power 415 †¢ Which Bases of Power Are Most Effective? 416 †¢ Power and Perceived Justice 416 Dependence: The Key to Power 416 The General Dependence Postulate 416 †¢ What Creates Dependence? 417 Power Tactics 418 Sexual Harassment: Unequal Power inRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pageswealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user Ask your local representative for details!

Children With Emerald Eyes Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Children With Emerald Eyes Essay, Research Paper Children With Emerald Eyes By Mira Rothenburg My book Children With Emerald Eyes, is about many kids, but focused around three kids placed in an establishment, due to schizophrenic and autistic conditions. These kids? s names are Sara, Chaim, and Danny. The scene of this narrative is in an institute for the insane, schizophrenic, and autistic. Most of these kids are orphans, or kids, that have escaped from their county, and are seeking to happen safety. I feel that their struggle is truly, between themselves. I mean that the chief job is them. They, Danny, Sara, and Chaim are their ain job. They are seeking to run from themselves, but they can? t. In my book there were three different lifting actions, one for each kid. The first lifting action started during Danny? s portion of the book. The lifting action was when he was seeking to interrupt down the emotional walls that his old ways had built. We will write a custom essay sample on Children With Emerald Eyes Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sara? s lifting action started when they described how she was ever desiring everything wrapped, like a present. Following is the lifting action found in Chaim? s narrative is when he got nervous and tried to literally take a bite of himself. The chief characters of this book is Mira, the psychologist and besides the writer of this book. I would name Mira the supporter, because she was the lone 1 who would believe in the fact that these childs could be helped, and she enjoyed making it. At the beginning of the book though, the kids were the adversaries. Throughout the narrative, there was allot of character development, non merely from the kids, but from Mira besides. Through all of the narrative the point of position stayed at a camera 3rd individual. The subject the writer nowadayss, is that of love, fright, friendly relationship, treachery, turning up, and a hunt for one? s ego. I feel that the most of import message of this book is that even though one can experience betrayed by person, there can still be friendship between them. My sentiment of this book is one a miss normally have towards person or something, but I think that this book was really traveling. I feel that it touched base on everything a book should. There wasn? t really many things I didn? Ts like about this book except the point that it rather difficult to follow. As a affair of fact it has, it has changed the ways I look at the manner mentally challenged kids act.

Particle in a Box Experiment Essay Example

Particle in a Box Experiment Essay The visible absorption bands or conjugated dye arise from electron transitions involving the electrons in the conjugated and they are free to move along the chain and are not attached to any atom. An example of such a dye is 3,3-diethyl-thiacyanine iodide. The cation has two resonance forms causing each of the bonds in the conjugated chain to have an order of 1. 5 and have a length similar to the C? C bond length in benzene. We will assume that the potential energy is constant along the chain and sharply rises to infinity at the ends.Therefore, we can replace the electron system by free electrons moving in a one dimensional box of length . Objective: The purpose of this experiment is to obtain the visible spectra of several cyanine dyes and then interpret them to a simple model of the electronic structure of the ? system: the Particle in a Box. Theoretical Model â€Å"Particle in a Box† In the Particle in a Box model, all potential energy interactions are assumed to be zero (c onstant) along the chain except at ends of the chain where the potential energy abruptly goes to +?. If a particle moving freely along the length of the box the energy an be calculated as : E = n2h28mL2 + V n = 1, 2, 3 †¦ (1) where n is an integer positive quantum number, h is Planck’s constant, m is the mass of the particle and L is the length of the box. If we assume that the most intense band in the experimentally observed spectrum can be interpreted as absorption of electromagnetic radiation by an electron as it is promoted from the HOMO to the LUMO, we can derive the following expression for the energy absorption ? E. E =h2 [2ni+ 1]/ (8mL? ) (2) he absorption wavelength for the HOMO _ LUMO transition is given by: ? = 8mcL? /h (2ni + 1) ni = p p = #e/2 (3) Therefore, the Particle in a Box model predicts that the wavelength of the absorption maximum is a function of chain length (L) and number of p-electrons (N). The adjustable parameter Lmax can be calculated as: ? = 8mc/h(2p+1)[(2p-1)Lb + Lext]2 (4) ?max h/8mc=[2p-1Lb + Lext ]2/ (2p +1) (5) Procedure: In this experiment, we used the following dyes. Dye #1: 3,3-diethyl-thiacyanine iodide (yellow) Dye #2: 3,3-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide (Pink)Dye #3: 3,3-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (Blue) Dye #4: 3,3-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (Olive) We placed 0. 3 ml of dye solution in the 1- cm cuvette and added 3. 00 ml of water and mixed well. Using the nano drop spectrometer, first cuvette with water was used as a blank and later second Cuvette with dye solution was inserted and measured the absorbance of the sample. Once our absorbance of the highest peak was less than 0. 5 and the absorption spectrum of each dye was between 400-800 we collected the data. Notes On Wavelength:If only changes in electronic energy accompany absorption of light, a very sharp maximum in absorption should be observed at the characteristic wavelength. Although sharp lines are observed for isolated atoms, broad ab sorption bands are observed for substances in liquid phases (due to the accompanying vibrational and rotational transitions). In the experiment, we shall assume that the wavelength ? max, the wavelength at which the dyes absorb most strongly, is the wavelength to use in the equation (5). Data/Result: A UV-Vis absorbance spectrum (Fig 1) was obtained and used to calculate experimental ? ax values for each of the studied cyanine dyes. Fig 1: UV Absorbance Spectrum for Dye 5d, Dye 6, Dye7 and Dye 8b Collected from Nanodrop Based on the data: Dye | Emprical formula | ? max /nm | Lit ? max| 3,3-Diethylthiacyanine Iodide| C19H19IN2S2| 417| 423| 3,3-Diethylthiacarbocyanine Iodide| C21H21IN2S2| 549| 556| 3,3-Diethylthiadicarbocyanine Iodide| C23H23IN2S2| 564| 652| 3,3-Diethylthiatricarbocyanine Iodide| C25H25IN2S2| 744| 757| In order to experimentally to calculate the Lext a plot of h ? 8mc experimental bond length, and P the number of the c atoms in conjugated system (N / 2) was constructe d. Dye| ? (m)| N| h (j. s)| m(Kg)| C (m/s)| h? /8mc| p| 5d| 0. 000000417| 6| 6. 62E-34| 9E-31| 3*10^8| 1. 27803E-19| 3| 6| 0. 000000549| 8| 6. 62E-34| 9E-31| 3*10^8| 1. 68258E-19| 4| 7| 0. 000000564| 10| 6. 62E-34| 9E-31| 3*10^8| 1. 72856E-19| 5| 8b| 0. 000000744| 12| 6. 62E-34| 9E-31| 3*10^8| 2. 28022E-19| 6| Using Regression Wizard: | | | | | y = (((2*x -1)*(0. 139*10^-9) + L)^2) /(2*x+1)| | | | |   | | reduced Chi-square| SDR| sum of squared errors| r^2| | | 4. 6915E-10| 6. 6031E-19| 0. 636| | | Covariance Matrix|   | | |   | | | L|Parameters| Initial Value| Optimized Value| Standard Deviation| | L| 3. 2614E-4| L =| 1. E+0| 6. 1243E-5| 1. 8059E-2| | | | | | | | | | | | x| y| y_calc| error| | 3| 1. 27803E-19| 5. 35822E-10| -5. 3582E-10| | 4| 1. 68258E-19| 4. 16754E-10| -4. 1675E-10| | 5| 1. 72856E-19| 3. 40984E-10| -3. 4098E-10| | 6| 2. 28022E-19| 2. 88527E-10| -2. 8853E-10| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lb= 1. 39E-10 Calculation of Lext based on equati on (5) Dye| P| ? (m)| ((2p-1)*0. 139*10^-9 +Lx)^2/(2p+1)| 5d| 3| 4. 17E-07| 2. 51*10^-10| 6| 4| 5. 9E-07| 2. 56*10^-10| 7| 5| 5. 64E-07| 1. 72*10^-10| 8b| 6| 7. 44E-07| 1. 92*10^-10| Uncertainties in ? max: See the attachment Conclusion: The spectrum obtained from Nanodrop revealed that 3,3-Diethylthiacyanine Iodide and 3,3-Diethylthiacarbocyanine Iodide have fairly broad spectral band compare to, 3,3-Diethylthiadicarbocyanine Iodide and 3,3-Diethylthiatricarbocyanine Iodide. This can be due to the electronic transitions from state to state which occur within a time interval much shorter than that of a molecular vibration and also experimental error was responsible for the lack of resolution.The collected electrically spectra were useful in comparison of experimentally and theoretically predicted ? max values and it shows that the experimentally determined values are close to the predicted value. Extracting Lext from equation (5) for each dye doesn’t follow the observed trend in the absorption maxima. For 3,3-Diethylthiacyanine Iodide and 3,3-Diethylthiacarbocyanine Iodide dyes as ni increases Lext and ? max increases and in 3,3-Diethylthiadicarbocyanine Iodide and 3,3-Diethylthiatricarbocyanine Iodide, Lext decreases as ni increases. The experimentally calculated Lext for compounds 1-4 was determined to be 6. 2E-5 m which doesn’t seem sensible. Large differences existed difference between the calculated effective box length compare to lb. From the experimental evidence and analysis, we don’t except the particle in a box model to be an appropriate one to describe the spectra of cyanine dyes. Since the errors in the ? max are not normally distributed experimental errors.Work Citedhttp://homepages. gac. edu/~anienow/CHE-372/Labs/Example. pdf http://homepages. gac. edu/~anienow/CHE-372a/Labs/Conjugated%20Dyesa. pdf

Statistical Analysis of Experimental Density Data Sample

Statistical Analysis of Experimental Density Data Paper The methods used in this experiment were very basic, the instructions show how to read a burette and a balance; and tells how many significant figures have to use for ACH device. In order to take mass there was necessary to use a beaker to place the glass beads (the object that was going to be measured), and in order to dont affect the mass or volume of the glass beads there was used forceps. Another methods used in this lab were how to calculate average, standard deviation, confidence intervals and error in density. Results: At taking the average for mass and volume of the beads, the results were 3. 3048 g (mass) and 1. 325 ml (volume). The density was calculated from those results, which was 2. 49 g/ml. Standard deviation of mass was 0. 011 76 g and for volume 0. 013 ml. The Confidence Intervals for the mean were obtained. The 95% CLC for mean were  ±0. 01871 g (mass),  ±0. 021 ml (volume) and  ±0. 041 g/ml (density). For the 99% CLC for mean were  ±0. 03434 g (mass),  ±0. 038 ml (volume) and  ±0. 08 g/ ml (density). The relative difference of the calculated density of glass beads was 3. 2%, compared to the accepted value of 2. 40 g/ml. Conclusion: By looking the values of standard deviation and CLC for mean, both results reflected the accuracy at reading a balance and burette. At taking the mass with the balance, the results were more accurate since its an electronic device and it as more significant figures, so the error was less. By measuring the volume with a burette the error w as greater since the decimals were calculated just by the eye and not by a device that show up all the numbers like the balance. We will write a custom essay sample on Statistical Analysis of Experimental Density Data specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Statistical Analysis of Experimental Density Data specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Statistical Analysis of Experimental Density Data specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So, the density was also affected by those errors. If the error in volume or mass is high, the same error will be reflected on density as well. By comparing the accepted value of 2. 40 g/ml with my results of 2. 49, that difference is probably due to systematic error at reading the burette. Introduction By performing this experiment, will be learned the concept of statistical analysis ND error from given data. There are two types of errors, one is random error this. This type of error can be made by reading the burette, since the student read it in many different ways. The other type is random error; this error is related to the precision of the experiment (in this case the balance). By collecting all the data; average (mean) was calculated, which provides a central value of a set of numbers. Then standard deviation was calculated by using the mean, this number tells approximately how precise the measurements were. At getting the value of standard deviation, confidence interval was calculated. Confidence interval is a measure of the reliability of an estimate. For example in the data what it means is that there is a 99% that the volume will be between 1. 304 ml and 1. 346 ml. By having collected the average of volume and mass, density was obtained. Density is directly dependent on the results that were obtained from volume and mass. Then from the same data, confidence interval of density was obtained. The last calculation was the percentage difference or error of the experimental value, compared with the accepted value of 2. Ml. At getting this number, it tells how accurate were made the measurements in the experiment.

Affiliate, Franchise, and al-Qaeda

Affiliate, Franchise, and al-Qaeda Affiliate, Franchise, and al-Qaeda Affiliate, Franchise, and al-Qaeda By Maeve Maddox The first time I heard the expression al-Qaeda franchise, I ran to the dictionary. Surely, I thought, that cant be a correct use of the word franchise. The word franchise can be used with more than one meaning, of course. When we say that American women obtained the franchise in 1920, we mean that they obtained the right to vote. To enfranchise a person can mean either to confer the right to vote on a person or, in the context of servitude, to give a person his freedom. Since 1959, the noun franchise has been used with the meaning authorization by a company to sell its products or services. In 1966 it acquired the sense of commercial licensing. We speak of sports franchises, hotel franchises, and restaurant franchises. In every type of franchise, a business relationship exists in which an authorizing entity confers rights to operate some kind of business according to specified rules in exchange for a licensing fee. The noun affiliate is used in a similar way. An affiliate company is one that is related to another in a subordinate way. Koch Nitrogen Company and its affiliates are collectively one of the worlds largest producers and marketers of nitrogen fertilizers. Online marketing makes use of affiliate sellers who may promote a companys product on their websites for a percentage of its selling price, or who may sell their own products on a site owned by a large company to which they pay a percentage of their earnings. With both franchises and affiliates theres a mutually recognized and acknowledged business relationship, and money changes hands. It seems to me that the journalistic trend of referring to just any nest of terrorists as al-Qaeda affiliates or franchises is counterproductive. I understand the rationale for wanting a term that enables one to talk about copycat bombers without conveying the idea that al-Qaeda is more widespread and powerful than in fact it is. According to BBC writer John Simpson, BBC security correspondent Frank Gardner popularised the notion that, far from being a clear-cut organisation with executives and an international membership, al-Qaeda was like a franchise. Any effort to strip al-Qaeda of its bogeyman mystique is a step in the right direction, but using words that make us think of MacDonalds or Amazon.com may not be the best way to go about it. Unless a group like the one in Yemen that tried to send bombs to Chicago really is organized, funded, or sponsored by al-Qaeda, why not just call it an extremist group? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?Acronym vs. Initialism5 Examples of Misplaced Modifiers

The Fate of Taamail's Export Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Fate of Taamail's Export - Assignment Example The World Trade Organization (WTO) regulatory context relevant in this case goes back to the Generalized System of Preferences as established under the Enabling clause of the GATT, allowing for the preferential treatment of the developing countries over their developed counterparts in matters of trade relationships (EC, 2004). The relevant legal issue is whether the recent change in the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) as developed by Solia are in violation of Article I and Article III of the GATT of 1994. The most relevant legal issue in this case, however, is the existing inconsistency between the provisions of Article I: 1 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994), as required to apply to all the members of the World Trade Organization, and the Enabling Clause as implemented by the member states of the GATT. The provisions of Article I: 1 of GATT 1994 requires that any preferential treatment in relation to tariffs that is offered to one of the member states should â€Å"immediately and unconditionally† be accorded to all the other members in relation to similar products and other associated trade measures (GATT, 1979). On the other hand, the Enabling clause of the GATT provides for preferential treatment of some nations over the others in relation to similar products and associated trade measures, based on certain considerations and requirements for fulfillment of assigned conditions under their specified Generalized System of Preferences (Mckenzie, 2005) . Nevertheless, the applicability of the Generalized System of Preferences as provided under the Enabling clause of the GATT should be subject to authorization, and subsequent WTO waiver of Article I: 1 of GATT for a specified period of time (Gowa & Hicks, 2012).

American Imperialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Imperialism - Essay Example The term imperialism is almost exclusively associated with colonial exploits of major European powers such as Britain, France and Germany in the West; and China and Japan in the East. Although a late joiner of the imperial club, the United States is by far the most dominant in this group. With the entity called the United States of America having emerged only toward the end of the eighteenth century, it was only in the subsequent centuries it meaningfully expressed its imperial goals. The perception of the United States as an imperialist state was first mooted in the early part of the nineteenth century and the outbreak of the Spanish-American war in 1898 confirmed this fact. Indeed, the final years of the 19th century saw the peaking of American imperialist aggression as it occupied Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippine Islands – the latter two eventually becoming American colonies. (Lens & Zinn, 2003) The early indicators of imperialist tendency can be found in the founding d ocuments of the country. Even luminaries such as Thomas Jefferson have articulated an imperialist vision for the United States in no unclear terms. The annexation of Louisiana in the eighteenth century is seen as the first act of this vision. ... Empire expansion was also projected as benign and compassionate, for Christian missionary work was invariably associated with it. Propaganda also had it that the standards of living of subjects of the empire will eventually rise. On the whole, imperialist enterprise was promoted using these vapid and empty slogans and motives. (Lens & Zinn, 2003) Recognizing the duplicity and dubiousness of these claims, intellectuals both within and outside the country started expressing their discontent. The ruthlessness and gruesomeness with which Filipino uprising was crushed evoked shock and anger among some of America's illustrious citizens including Andrew Carnegie and William James. It is in this context that they founded American Anti-Imperialist League in 1899. â€Å"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We maintain that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. We insist that the subjugation of any people is "criminal aggression" and open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our Government.† ( Platform of the American Anti-imperialist League, 1913, p.77) The League might have been promoted by well-known leaders of the American cultural landscape, but it had the backing of numerous lesser-known liberals. The identification of American foreign policy as imperialist might seem politically radical for a modern reader, but during the 19th century there was a vibrant Left-Liberal tradition in American political discourse. Trade unions could be

Edinburgh Tram System project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Edinburgh Tram System project - Essay Example The research identifies that there were some challenges in the definition of the stakeholder needs and expectations. The priorities of the client were politicised, hence there were divergences in the ETS Project. This led to various shortfalls that resulted in major inabilities to deal with the key success factors of the research. This is a project management report that focuses on a real project that has been completed. To this end, the report will critically analyse and review a sample case, the Edinburgh Tram System Project. This paper will critically review the ETS project as it was carried out by the members of the Edinburgh Tram Project team. The actual steps taken by the team members are analysed and reviewed in relation to two main approaches. The first is the existing literature on project management. The second relates to how other projects were conducted and how this relates to the Edinburgh Tram Project. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn on the project and recommendations will be made in relation to the project under review. The Edinburgh Corporation Tramways was one of the earliest symbols of the Industrial Revolution and it ran between 1871 and 1956 when it was closed down (Mullay, 2013). It included a network of buses and commuter rail lines that linked the different parts of the city of Edinburgh (Edinburgh History, 2013). It marked one of the earliest projects towards massive urban transportation that was replicated in other cities of the United Kingdom. However, in 1956, it stopped operating. In 1989, new interests and proposals came up for the reintroduction of trams in the Edinburgh. However, in 2001, the Scottish Parliament gave approval for the creation of three tram routes to run in the city of Edinburgh. This gave the impetus for the project under review, which was broken down and conducted according to the fundamental principles and ideas of project management. As identified above, the reintroduction of tramways provided

Video On Demand Services Of Netflix Information Technology Essay

Video On Demand Services Of Netflix Information Technology Essay Netflix which established in the 1997 is the largest online movie rental company in the world. It famous by the service that offers their customers subscribe the DVD online or online streaming without any due date or late fees. Until the end of year 2009, they have more than 100,000 movies in DVD catalog, and in 2010, they have over 14 million subscribers. Their competitive advantages are the CineMatch recommendation software and the automated supply chain delivery. The recommendation system that make accurate suggestion movie to their customers, and their 100 plus delivery centers across the country allows 95% customers receive DVD within 1 business day. Currently, many cable and satellite companies offer Video on demand (VOD) which make customers see the video without waiting and reduce the cost of the shipment. In order to survive in the competitive home filmed-entertainment industry, Netflix take series practical actions to strength its VOD service. Netflix offered a digital rental service call Netflixs Watch that allows subscribers to download and view movies or television programs instantly on their PC for free depends on their subscribe plan. Base on the development of entering VOD system through the streaming video, Netflix will create a differentiation compare to other competitors. On the other hand, Netflix will change from DVD online rental segment to distributor of digital entertainment. Generic strategy- Differentiation Netflix was founded in 1990s and pioneered the subscriber based DVD rental service. Compared with most of the competitions which are in store rental service such as Blockbuster, Netflix differentiate itself into a whole new business segment. Netflix created its blue ocean by being entirely different from its competitors. By dominated in the DVD rental market, Netflix required to innovated new technology to compete against competitors who could also cut down the price. For example, Netflix emphasized on customers personalization, they using recommendation system which provide customer movies suggestion according to their renting history. On the other hand, they established over 100 distribution centers to deliver the movies and let customers received the mail within one day. Netflix using Oracle ERP Database to manage inventory, customers data and CineMatch system and adding value to each business activity. http://noisebetweenstations.com/personal/weblogs/?p=2011#ixzz0zsAJGoMY Porters five forces analysis of Netflix Buyer power-low Netflix is the first company that offer online subscribe rental DVD and through the United States postal service to mail to their customers. Netflix provide their customers with many different efficient systems. For example, CineMatch recommendation software offer personalized service to customers according to their subscribed record, almost 85~90% of customers will enjoy the suggestive movies and continue their subscription. On the other hand, Netflix emphasized 95% of customers will receive the DVD in one business day. Therefore, buyer power is low because other companies dont have such recommendation system and services compare to Netflix, and also their month fees are higher than Netflix. For buyers, their switching cost is high, so the buyer power is low. Supplier power-high Netflix buy their movies from the suppliers are movie studio such as Hollywood film distributors and USPS. In the film industry, it is no other substitute can choose in the rental market. Therefore, the supplier power is high. Threat of Substitute-high The VOD (Video on demand) is a new system that allows users use set-top box, computer or other player devices to watch video at any time. VOD is a threat of substitute for Netflix because customers no longer want to wait for the mail anymore; they want to see the movie right away. Therefore, Netflix has to align with VOD system to maintain its market shares. Threat of New Entrants-low It costs a significant capital for new entrants to enter in VOD industry, so that will be a hard barrier for new entrants to get into the market. On the other hand, the existing rental retailers already has the experience in marketing, that is a huge experience advantage exceed the potential entrants. Therefore, the threat of new entrants is low. Rivalry among Existing Competitors-high This industry has several main video rental companies that engaged in price war competition, such as Blockbuster, Hollywood video and Redbox. Most of the competitors have developed the digital box to integrate with VOD system in order to satisfy the customers need. On the other hand, Apple and Amazon both offer customers downloaded digital videos and watched on their TV by Apple TV and TiVO, respectively. Therefore, the video rental market for VOD system has encountered strongly competition. Netflix value chain Primary activity: Inbound Logistics: Netflixs strategy is establishes partnership with top studios such as Hollywood studios, twentieth century Fox in order to expand its library data. Therefore, Netflix have more new categories of movies or TV episodes available for their customers. Operation: The online recommendation system provided the best movie that is not usually the high-demand new release for customers because they are frequently out of stock. Based on the recommendation system, company can arrange their inventory management without harass the deficiency of supply. Moreover, the company devoted to expanding the distribution centers to deliver mail within 1 day to their customers. Outbound Logistics: Netflix cooperate with United States Postal Service (USPS) to reduce the delivery time and costs. The returned of the movie from customers is through by USPS to the closest Netflixs distribution center. Marketing and sales: Netflixs members are available using devices of Microsofts Xbox 360, Sonys PS3 and Nintendos Wii consoles to watch movies and TV episodes; Blu-ray disc players from Samsung, LG and Insignia; Internet TVs from LG, Sony and VIZIO; the Roku digital video player and TiVo digital video recorders, and until recently Apples iPhone, iPad and iPod touch are accessible as well. Service: Netflix continuing developed the new technological system such as recommendation system, distribution center, Oracle System and the development with VOD system to provide customer convenient online subscribe experience in order to enlarge their subscribers database. Support activity: Procurement: Netflix purchases titles directly from the studios to expand the library database, therefore their customers have more varied choices either on the delivery movies and online download service. Technology development: Netflix provided a free Netflix application for iPhone and iPod touch, allowing their members on plans starting at just $8.99 a month to instantly watch movies or a series of TV episodes on their iPhone or iPod touch without charging additional costs. Human resource management: To evaluate employees job performances for Netflix is the website for customers satisfaction. Therefore, employees have to realize the companys core values, openness, approachability and honesty well before offering service to customers (Patty McCord, 2009). Data Mining Netflix has also makes an outstanding data mining to create its competitive advantages. For example, Cinematch recommendation system synthesizes customer rental behavior and movie ratings to assist the company to recommend the movie to customers. This system will make customers keep subscribing and purchasing the movie. In addition, the system also helps company to invest wider range of movies. Netflix avoid to spend too much money by identify more niche film markets and expand distribution for smaller-budget films. In this situation, the company can save money by increasing demand for lesser-known films and reduce demand for big-studio blockbusters. Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRM) Customer relationship management (CRM) systems helps Netflix serve their customers more efficiently. The information that collects from their customers stored in the data warehouse and analyzed by CRM system. By using this system, Netflix can analyze the needs of customers and further realized customers behaviors. The goal of CRM system is to crate positive experiences for customers instead of the negative experiences (Haag 50). One of the most important technologies that support Netflixs customer relationship management is its custom-built intelligent agent. An intelligent agent is artificial intelligence software that helps or acts on behalf of the user to perform repetitive-computer related tasks (Haag 224). By using this system, Netflix know customers preferences and disliked. Moreover, Netflix is able to give accurate, personal recommendations to their customers. Supply Chain Management Systems (SCM) By using supply chain management (SCM) systems, Netflix can keep track on its inventory and information that go through its transaction processes. Furthermore, SCM system helps Netflix to reduce its inventory at the warehouse and distribute its products more efficiently. One of the SCM systems for Netflix can effectively reduce the inventory in warehouse by notify employees where to deliver its inventory as soon as DVD arrives in the warehouse. When the inventory arrives at the warehouse, it is immediately sent off to its next destination (Haag 189). Consequently, most of the times inventories are on the way of traveling and being used by a consumer and very less time staying in the warehouse. This method also makes sure that the product reaches its next destination as soon as possible. Netflixs SCM system also tracks inventory and determines the fastest route to let the DVD into customers hands. Enterprise resources plan (ERP) Database is resources to help the company better understand customers behavior and analyze operational efficiency. Oracle System is a system that Netflix uses to manage the companys database, so it is a backbone for organizational operation (Netflix website, 2010). The system utilizes the data to manage inventory, financial result of the companys performance, and customers data (Netflix website, 2010). On the other hand, Oracle ERP database is also to support the Cinematch System. In addition, the entire DVD library and logistics are also managed through this system. The company is using this system to manage its companys information more effective. Video on demand (VOD) Cooperate with other companies: broadband-enabled devices According to the trend and the popularity of using VOD system for the rental DVD market, Netflix see the potential market and started to align with other companies to advance this new technology to viewing movies. Because consumers are not willing to wait for the movies arrive by mail, instead, they seek for the company that allows them to see the movie right away to satisfy their need. For example, Netflix have partnership with LG Electronics, Samsung Blu-ray disc players, Microsoft Xbox 360 console, TiVo digital video recorders, and the Nintendo-Wii. All these devices allowed the members through the hardware to enjoy Netflixs services. In January 2010, Netflix have partnership with Funai, Panasonic, Sanyo, Sharp, and Toshiba, which also allowed consumers to watch movies and TV episodes through the digital televisions. Furthermore, iPad from Apple developed a Netflix app in 2010, allowing members access Netflixs library of movies and television shows. Recommendation Netflix creates their values by differentiate itself between their competitors, especially Blockbuster. Its outstanding systems make the company accounted the most of the market shares in this industry. However, Netflix is not satisfied the current succeed and still develop the advance technologies, for example developed VOD system and established the partnerships with other companies to increase their amount of subscribers. In conclusion, Netflix should creates company values through innovation and improvement, also improve the CineMatch system to advance the personalized website experience. http://www.solarsquirrel.com/MIDS/System_Analysis.html#ErpDatabase http://www.stanford.edu/~aditya86/Netflix.pdf http://noisebetweenstations.com/personal/weblogs/?p=2011 http://www.wikinvest.com/wiki/Netflix_%28NFLX%29 http://www.squidoo.com/what-is-blue-ocean-strategy http://noisebetweenstations.com/personal/weblogs/?p=2011#ixzz0zsAJGoMY http://cahdsu.wordpress.com/2009/08/04/infs-762-data-mining-at-netflix/

How to Support Individuals With Specific Communication Needs

Support individuals with specific communication needs Unit 4222-324 (HSC 3029) 1 – Understand specific communication needs and factors affecting them 1. Explain the importance of meeting an individual’s communication needs Individuals who have communication problems need support to enable them to express themselves effectively. It is therefore important for the carer to be aware of the individuals preferred method of communication and also to support the individual to use their preferred method. Individuals have the right to communicate through their chosen method and their choice should be acknowledged and respected by supporting them. The individual’s right are particularly important when using specific communication methods and language because it’s their major way of communicating their needs and preferences. Communication is a basic human right. Without communication the individual is unable to realise or exercise their rights. Under the Human Rights Act 1998 all individuals have the right to ‘freedom of expression’. If unable to communicate they would be denied these rights. 2. Explain how own role and practice can impact on communication with an individual who has specific communication need As a carer it is your role and responsibility to support individuals to express themselves. The way in which you can do this is by assessing their needs, access information regarding their communication needs, providing the appropriate support, aids or equipment, encouraging and motivating communication, working with others and by monitoring the effectiveness of that support. Without the appropriate support the individual would be unable to express their needs or how they are feeling which can lead to both emotional and physical difficulties. By fully supporting individuals with specific communication needs you are able to support their rights. 3. Analyse features of the environment that may help or hinder communication It is difficult and frustrating to communicate effectively when there is background noise, therefore arranging the environment to aid communication is very important step to achieving effective communication with ndividuals. As a carer you should arrange the individual’s environment to facilitate effective communication and promote understanding. This can be done by ensuring privacy and going into a quiet room Some factors that can hinder good communication are:Poor lighting, individuals with poor sight are unable to see youBackground noise from the TV, radio, other individualsObstacles between you as a care worker and the individual eg furnitureInsufficient distance between you and the individual, leading to you encroaching on their personal space.4. Analyse reasons why an individual may use a form of communication that is not based on a formal language system Sensory disabilities Hearing loss Sight loss Learning disabilities Down’s syndrome Autism Physical disabilities Cerebral palsy Mental health problems Dementia Other mental health problems 5. Identify a range of communication methods and aids to support individuals to communicateBritish sign language (BSL)Picture exchange communication systems (PECS)Talking microwavesHearing aidsInterpreterTranslatorAdvocate1. Describe the potential effects on an individual of having unmet communication needs. Behaviour – If an individual is not supported to communicate effectively they can become increasingly withdrawn, depressed and isolated. This may affect their self-esteem and they may begin to develop feelings of frustration and uselessness. Their behaviour may change as they vent their frustrations with acts of anger or even violence. Others may become confused, angry and frustrated. These effects include:Physical and emotional problemsDepression Isolation, becoming withdrawn from othersFrustrationLow self esteemLoss of confidenceA feeling of uselessness2 – Be able to contribute to establishing the nature of specific communication needs of individuals and ways to address them 2.1 Work in partnership with the individual and others to identify the individual’s specific communication needsTalking to the individual or observing the individual interacting with others.Accessing previous records after permission has been sought from the appropriate person.Talking to colleagues who know the individual. Talking to family membersTalking to other professionals2.2 Contribute to identifying the communication methods or aids that will best suit the individual By observing the individual when they are communicating with you or others you will be able to identify the methods or aids which will best suit the individual. You may have noticed that the individual appears hard of hearing. You would then arrange a hearing test for the individual to establish if they have a problem and obtain equipment in the form of hearing aids, if needed. 2. Explain how and when to access information and support about identifying and addressing specific communication needs. During an initial assessment an individual’s ability and communication methods are established. This is done when an individual arrives into care. Everyone involved in the care of this service user is made aware of their needs and preferences regarding communication and any changes are recognised during reviews and shared with the team to ensure the individual’s needs are met. 3 – Be able to interact with individuals using their preferred communication 3. prepare the environment to facilitate communication 3.2 Use agreed methods of communication to interact with the individual 3.3 Monitor the individual’s responses during and after the interaction to check the effectiveness of communication By observing an individual’s communication cues (non-verbal signal used with or without speech to indicate the individual’s thoughts and feelings) and exercising effective listening, you will be able to determine if the individual has understood the communication. By asking closed questions you will be able to confirm that they have understood what has been said. Also by asking them to repeat what you have discussed you will be able to confirm their understanding. 3.4 Adapt own practice to improve communication with the individual. use closed questions to obtain yes or no answersuse open questions to encourage a more in-depth answeravoid asking too many things at once to prevent confusionallow the individual time to respondnot interrupt the individual whilst they are communicating or anticipate their responseshow the individual that you are interested in them.Use appropriate body language such as nodding, smiling and leaning towards the individual.Avoid using jargonBe aware of the different meanings of words e. g. Jam, could mean a preserve or could mean a blockage as in traffic jam.Keep communication simple4 – Be able to promote communication between individuals and others 4.1 Support the individual to develop communication methods that will help them to understand others and be understood by them As a carer you should encourage and motivate individuals to communicate by providing the correct support, aids and equipment. It is your responsibility to ensure that the individuals you provide care for and others involved in the individuals’ lives are able to communicate effectively. For communication to be effective everyone involved will need to have the same understanding of the communication method used. When supporting individuals with their communication you may need to support others with whom that individual wishes to communicate. This could include other carers, family, friends, peers or professionals. 4.2 Provide opportunities for the individual to communicate with others 4.3 Support others to understand and interpret the individual’s communication 4.4 Support others to be understood by the individual by use of agreed communication methods. For communication to be effective all the people involved will need to have the same understanding of the communication method used. When supporting individuals with their communication you may need to support others with whom that individual wishes to communicate. Support may involve the use of human aids, symbolic aids and technical aids. You will need to explain the appropriate communication method and also show the others how the communication aids work. Wherever possible the support given should encourage the individual to do as much of the communicating as independently as possible. 5 – Know how to support the use of communication technology and aids 5.1 Identify specialist services relating to communication technology and aids Aids and equipment are often provided through the social services department of your local council. The National Health Service (NHS) Hospital Eye Service can also prescribe a range of aids for people with partial sight. All blind and visually impaired people are entitled to a health and social care assessment from their local council. This means someone from social services  will assess their needs to make sure you get the equipment and services that are right for them. The local social services department can put them in touch with a rehabilitation worker, who can help individuals to communicate more easily 5. Describe types of support that an individual may need in order to use communication technology and aids Support may be provided in various forms. Some users will require regular support and advice with regard to use of the communication aid. Support can also come from within the user’s own family. It is important to identify the level of support each individual user has within their own environment. Family members can be of great help in supporting the user especially in the initial stages of using the communication aid. In order to ensure that the user obtains the maximum benefit from the new technology, training must be provided. The most important training needs for the user is competence in the use of the communication aid. This should consist of instruction in the operation of the particular communication equipment as well as maintenance and charging of the equipment if necessary. It may be important to provide training to all the carers, or it may be appropriate to select a few to be trained to deal with different aspects of the communication aid and its use in the environment. Explain the importance of ensuring that communication equipment is correctly set up and working properly. As a carer it is important that you ensure any equipment the individual use’s to communicate with, is available, working and is in a safe condition. With regards health and safety, electrical communication equipment should be checked by a qualified and approved electrician to ensure it is fit for use. The equipment should have a label attached to it stating when the equipment was tested, who by and when the next check is due. 6 – Be able to review an individual’s communication needs and the support provided to address them 6.1 Collate information about an individual’s communication and the support provided The initial assessment will be carried out as stated earlier collating all risks and preferences from the individual. This information together with the communication method the individual prefers and any aids which they use to support their communication will then be written into the individuals care plan so that any changes to the base line can be monitored. This record should include the nature of their communication differences, how they show themselves and ways which you have found are effective in overcoming the differences. 6.2 Contribute to evaluating the effectiveness of agreed methods of communication and support provided The agreed methods of communication and support are only effective for as long as the individuals communication skills remain the same. If their skills change then so do their support needs. As a carer you will be expected to recognise and report on changes to the individual’s communication skills. 6. Work with others to identify ways to support the continued development of communication. It is important that everyone involved in the care of the individual works as part of a team to establish the best support for that person. When changes occur it is important that the correct help and support is obtained immediately so that the individual does not feel frustrated or isolated by being unable to communicate effectively. Significant changes in an individual’s ability to communicate should be referred to the speech therapist or GP involved in the individual’s care for professional investigation and monitoring.

Culture of Kazakhstan

â€Å"Culture is a process for identity of living creatures and cultural evolution raises the identity of society, benefit goes to its individuals. Culture is the domain of human activity associated with self-expression of a person, a manifestation of his subjectivity. That's why every culture has additional features, as related to both the `creative person, and everyday practice, communication, reflection, generalization, and his daily life† (Religious Studies:Textbook / Ed. MM Shakhanovich. – St. Petersburg. Peter, 2006). On our planet, there are so many different countries with their own traditions, customs and culture, The relationship between these cultures and people rather strained, so there are national characteristics, specific to each nation. Actually, it’s not a secret that, traditions that are normal for Europeans, is totally unacceptable for Asian people. After the failure of etiquette, tradition and cultural heritage of the country, can lead to vari ous conflicts. The uniquences of individual nation, lies precisely in its cultural characteristics that are unique to him. ( Every culture 2011) â€Å"Kazakh ethnic group, held a long period of formation, in which participated many tribes and nations, has an important place in the history of Eurasia, and one of the oldest ethnic groups. It is the successor to the cultural heritage of all nations who took part in its formation, so that the Kazakh people – one of the richest nations in cultural terms. Kazakh culture until the twentieth century was a nomadic†. (Every culture 2011) According to the Kazakh traditions, guests are treated to the Kazakh national cuisine for dastarkhan (dinner table) in yurt.Yurt, adapted to nomadic life and a very effective tool in the process of nomadic meets all the requirements of the nomadic lifestyle can be easily disassembled and quickly installed a new location. Kazakhs have a lot of different traditional events, like Nauryz, or Spring Festival, Shildehana and so on. Nauryz falls on the vernal equinox. On this day, every woman cook a special dish, â€Å"Nauryz kozhe†, which consists of seven types of products: Siberian millet, wheat, rice, barley, millet, meat, and kurt.People go from village to village, eat this food, sing the song â€Å"Nauryz†, hug, congratulate each other a Happy New Year and wish a good offspring in the new year and prosperity at home. â€Å"Shildehana† – celebrated on the birth of son, wealthy people inviting people and organized contests of singers, trick riding on horseback. Also Kazakhstan like all countries where the spread of Islam, it was customary to   religious holiday – â€Å"Eid†. In this celebration, the sheep and lambs are sacrificed in the name of God..The meat is given to the poor, and partly used for the family. An obligatory ritual of the holiday is a common prayer in the mosque prior to sacrifice. In this day of celebration in ever y home preparing a meal, all congratulate each other. At that time, â€Å"the more you learn about French traditions and culture, the more you will be interested in. France has a long and varied history to draw upon, and countless legends and customs have been passed from generation to generation. In addition, each region of France is quite unique†. Easy-french 2011) They expect guests and foreigners to behave in the same manner that they do. The French are all about preserving their culture and being individualized. â€Å"France is culturally vivid and varied phenomenon. Various times, manifest in the architecture of France, calling each other, also appear the picturesque outline of the locks, bridges, towers† (Everyculture 2011). When the French come off the art, they are happy to deal with such sports as football, rugby, basketball, cycling. Bycicle race tour in France popular all over the world.Traditional games such as bowls, are also very popular. â€Å"France i s a secular state. The main religion is Roman Catholicism, but it doesn’t play a leading role in public life and experiencing a relative decline. Islam is the second most common religion, followed by Protestantism and Judaism† (Yakovlev, EG Aesthetics: A. Tutorial. – M. : Gardariki, 2003). So, people can notice, there are a lot of differences and similarities between European and Asian countries. In general, the greeting in both countries absolutely different.For instance, in France, â€Å"when people greet each other, they shake hands or embrace with a kiss on both cheeks . Kissing is only done when two people are close friends or relatives. For the most part, the embrace is done only the first time in a day in which one sees someone and is not repeated again until one says good-bye† ( Every culture 2011). Likwise in Kazakhstan, if you know the person very well, you should greet with a kiss on one cheek once and shake hands. Notably, in both countries, al most the same greeting.

An Unfortunate Day Essays

An Unfortunate Day Essays An Unfortunate Day Essay An Unfortunate Day Essay Find the meaning of the proverbs / phrasal verbs below. Then, fill in the blanks with the correct proverbs / phrasal verbs. It was a very unfortunate day for Rahim. He woke up late as he had ____________. studying for his coming PMR examination. At first he was thinking of not coming to school, ___________ he could ____________________ to his grandmother, but examination is just around the corner. It was already 7 in the morning, he took a quick bath and got dressed. Skipping his breakfast, he dashed to the bus stop to catch the bus. Then, after 5 minutes looking for the seat in the crowded bus, finally he managed to sit next to a big, fat lady who took almost the whole seat to herself. _____________, after 10 minutes of journey, the bus stalled in front of a traffic light! He could not wait any longer as he was already late for school. So, he alighted from the bus and took a short cut trail to school. As he was walking, he whistled to the melodious sound of the chirping birds. After a few minutes of walking, suddenly he saw something around the bushes. It was a black leather bag. Curiously, he opened the bag to know what was inside. He was so shocked to see that the bag was actually full of money and jewelleries too! In his whole life, he never saw such a lot of money like that. Usually, he received two ringgit a day from his kind, lovely grandmother. Rahim was an orphan. He lost his parents in a tragic accident two years ago. Now, he lived with his beloved grandmother. They were ______________ . Rahim looked around and there was nobody to be seen. Something bad _______________. He could use the money to pay for the school fee. After that, he could buy a motorcycle so it would be easier for him to go to school. Then, he remembered his late mother’s advice. â€Å" Rahim, my son. Eventhough we are poor, never steal. Do not do anything against the religion. Remember,_________________________. † He still remembered his promise to be a loyal son. Reluctantly, he went to the police station and gave the bag to the policeman on duty. Rahim told the whole story to him. The policeman took his statement and promised to call him if anyone comes to claim the bag. He also praised him for his honesty. Rahim left the police station at 8. 30 am. He ran _________________________ but he was already late. He reached school when the bell of the third period rang. Rahim tried to explain what had happened to his teacher but he refused to listen and believe him. Rahim was punished by his teacher who ordered him to stand outside the class until recess. Rahim felt so sad and ashamed with himself. Right after recess, he heard an announcement made by the school principal. He was called to the school office. The policeman had come to meet his principal and deliver the reward money to him. The policeman said that the reward was offered by a jewellery shop which had been robbed two days ago. Rahim received a cheque worth 20 thousands ringgit! He could not believe his eyes. He thanked the policeman and felt so grateful to Allah for giving him the courage to return the bag. He truly believed that honesty is the best policy. Now, __________. 1. as poor as the church mouse 2. just his luck 3. lend a hand 4. crossed his mind 5. as fast as his legs could carry him 6. fortune smiles on him 7. honesty is the best policy 8. after all 9. burn the midnight oil

Discoveries Of Archimedes Essays - Buoyancy, Archimedes, Free Essays

Discoveries Of Archimedes Essays - Buoyancy, Archimedes, Free Essays Discoveries Of Archimedes The Discoveries of Archimedes Archimedes truly was a man ahead of his time. He forever changed the face of mathematics and one of his discoveries even helped change the face of the earth. Archimedes proved the law of the lever and invented the compound pulley. He reportedly once told King Hiero, king of Syracuse: Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the entire earth. The king challenged him to prove his boast. It is said that he moved a ship full of passengers using a system of pulleys. Archimedes also found that every object has a center of gravity. This is the area of an object that seems to be acted upon by the force of gravity. Archimedes did most of his work for King Hiero. He made one of his most important discoveries while working for the king. The king didnt think his knew crown the goldsmith had made for him was pure gold, that maybe the goldsmith had added some less costly silver. Archimedes found the solution while taking a bath. His solution was based on vol Bibliography World Book Encyclopedia

Labor Relations and Union Avoidance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Labor Relations and Union Avoidance - Essay Example According to a survey of 'The Conference Board' in 1977 and 1983, the ability of unions is not enough to counter the union avoidance strategies of the companies. Moreover, the number of new establishments opened increases the capacity of a company to pursue union avoidance strategies. It is found that the increase in the percentage of the organized workforce in the company and plant-by-plant bargaining structure is in favor of unions. However, when the company is successfully opening new establishments, it will be capable of counter unions with union avoidance strategies. In this context, it is important to discuss the consequences of union avoidance. The union avoidance strategies affect union membership and encourage the growth of non-unionized firms. As a result, the survey states that the number of unionized firms dropped between 1977 and 1983. As it is easy to increase plant openings than a unionized firm, the companies followed that way to avoid union elections and in the case of unionization, the management tried to win the elections with their candidates in the fray. Moreover, differences in collective bargaining outcomes are also a reason for priority given for union avoidance strategies both by management and employees. ...In this context, it is important to discuss the tactics of Union Avoidance consultants and comparison or contrast with the views of Martin Jay Levitt in his book 'Confessions of a Union Buster' (John Chalykoff, Peter Cappelli, 1986). There are many consultant firms regarding union avoidance consultants and one such firm is IRI Management Services Incorporation, which offers its services on the website; http://www.lrims.com/union-organizing-consult.html. The first step in the services of the company is regarding winning the union election by the management.

Child Trafficking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Child Trafficking - Essay Example These children, having suffered at the hands of fate get tempted by such offers, mainly because they want to make good money to serve their personal and family needs. Such children sometimes even step out of their houses with these agents, even without their parental consent. Actually neither the child nor the â€Å"adult is usually aware of the full implications of their actions† (What is Child Trafficking para. 2). Often, by the time these children are rescued, it is generally too late. The children who have been trafficked and sexually exploited have to bear various consequences varying from unwanted pregnancies to HIV/AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases. The physical scars can still be dealt with but the psychological scars remain to haunt them for a lifetime! Unfortunately, though many children get rescued their sufferings continue. According to an NGO, Plan USA, â€Å"The causes of child trafficking are complex and often reinforce each other. Victims are often made vulnerable by factors including poverty, the attraction of perceived higher standards of living, lack of employment opportunities, organized crime, violence and discrimination against women and children, government corruption, political instability and armed conflict† (What is Child Trafficking para. 2). ... The statistics show that in the last 20 year's time, anti trafficking organizations have worked harder to accept, understand, research and resolve the issue. But, despite of these continuous efforts, the problem remains unresolved. Therefore, it is time to make cumulative effort globally to eradicate such heinous issues thriving around us. â€Å"Some shocking numbers: Approximately 80% of human trafficking victims are women and girls of which upto 50% are minors. – U.S. State Department The average age of entry for children, who have been victims of the sex trade industry is about 12 years. – U.S. Department of Justice The global market for child trafficking is over $12 billion a year, with more than 1.2 million child victims. – UNICEF Surveys indicate that 30 to 35 % of all sex workers in Mekong (sub-region of Southeast Asia) are between 12 and 17 years of age. – UNICEF The average cost of slavery today is $90, a historic low† (Bales). Apart from w hat the governments across the world are doing to end child trafficking, there are other non profit agencies which are aiming towards rescuing children from hunger, abuse and disease. Each day, more and more children are trafficked into prostitution, forced labor, child marriages and other kinds of slavery. â€Å"Each day, the challenges grow greater for those who seek to prevent child trafficking and provide care for children who have been trafficked† (Our Mission para. 2). We all wait for someone else to bring about that change ! A general tendency is not to bother about the problem - unless it befalls upon us. That is precisely the reason why problems which are occurring on global level seldom find a global and effective solution. Sometimes it is people’s fear that holds them back from raising

Describe in writing the principle characteristics of temples of the Essay

Describe in writing the principle characteristics of temples of the ancient period (Greek or Roman) and cathedrals of the Gothic period in England or France (30 - Essay Example From the early Greek temples to the Gothic cathedrals is a long and interesting journey for any art lover. It also unfolds the story of each generation and their priorities both artistic and menial. The Greek temple is the remnant of the ancient Greek civilisation. The architecture itself speaks volumes about the taste and intellectual abilities of the people apart from giving a distinct idea of the then religious outlook and the rites and rituals. A Greek temple might not be a real visual treat but it bewilders one with its constructional genius with massive columns put up one against the other. One keeps wondering at the technology and the labour that went into the building and the construction. Each temple had its cult-image or the statue of their community God who would protect them against all evils. These statues in the later prosperous Greek societies were often made of rich stuff like chryselephantine a mixture of gold and ivory. The temples are usually characterised by their trademark shape and design. They are built in the shape of a megaron, which is a form of a house that had existed since the Bronze Age. The megarone consisted of a rectangular room also known as cella or naos. It had got walls or antae projecting to form a porch or pronaos. At times in order to provide more support a ‘false’ porch or opisthodomos was constructed at the back portion of a temple.(Odyssey, Adventure in Archaeology,2001) The entire building had a platform or stylobate as its base which was 3 to 4 steps elevated from the ground.(Porter, 2008). But the uniqueness of Greek architecture best captured in the temples was its columns with its base, capital and horizontal entablature. The Greeks created the three variations of columns the Doric, the Ionic and the Corinthian. The most widely used column type was Doric. It was the simplest type and perhaps appeared more dignified. (Greek

La Live Dance Concert Essay Example for Free

La Live Dance Concert Essay One of the remarkable dancing show that I have seen during the semester is the dance show called â€Å"Flower of the Season†. The dance show contains four pieces and each of the piece was performed by different performers- â€Å"Kudzu† choreographed by Kim Nakakura, â€Å"Lupin† choreographed by Amnnelien Goetschalckx, â€Å"Grey Stem† choreographed by Cat Westwood, and there was one untitled piece choreographed by Eric Losoya. â€Å" The Flower of the Season† was performed at Electric Lodge. Though I had no idea of how the dancers would be performed, but I was so excited since it was the first time I went to see a dance performance. I expected that I would be so relaxed while watching the gentler poses and saltant performances by the dancers. However, as the show began, I realized this was not a kind of dance show I had been imagined. The first piece began with the performer standing at the entrance. While people were passing through the performer and to grab a seat waiting for the show to begin, the performer was still standing at the entrance emotionlessly, and I was wondering if that was a part of the show. After all the audiences had their seats and silently watching the dancer, she finally started to move into the stage extremely slowly. It was funny to me at first, but after the dancer moved to the center of the stage, I was so impressed when I saw her face that was hidden behind her long hair. Her eye was fulled with upset and pain, and then she even began to cry. Although there were limited dancing techniques in the show, the performer successfully conveyed a sense of hopeless to the audiences. Before I can be dispassionate from recollecting the emotions and performances of the dancer in the first piece, the â€Å"Grey Stem† began with the performer rapped by a bag and slowly rolled down from the stair. As she reached to the stage, the dancer was released and began waving her arms as she was swimming in the ocean. The whole piece seemed to illustrate a sorrowful story that a person was abandoned and She was trying to find the way to home without any help from others. At the end of the show, I felt that It was glad to be there. Though the interpretations of the pieces played in the show might vary between the audiences but I enjoyed the whole show would never forget all the impression that I had received from the show.

We Need More Racial Profiling at Airports Essay -- Ethnic Profiling Pr

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has come to my attention that the current state of our nation is one of peril and doubt. Due to the recent attacks brought upon our nation’s soil by terrorists and â€Å"evil doers,† it is understandable that the current degree of national security must be heightened. Our country can no longer be one of completely freewill with utter disregard to those outside of our borders, but must now come to suspect all inhabitants alien to our land as potential threats to our sovereign freedom. It is with this in mind that I propose a plan to further bolster the security of our most vulnerable, and frequently exploited resource, our nation’s airports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have ruminated the subject concerning airport security reform to prevent another terrorist attack for a number of months now, and have come to the conclusion that it does not take a savant to see that before the terrorist attacks started our national security level was equivalent to the intelligence level of a house-fly. I propose that we must fortify our airports to their fullest with every measure possible in order to prevent another tragedy of this magnitude.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The security measures should start the moment a person exits their vehicle and is unloading their baggage. If they exhibit what we define as a â€Å"terrorist† appearance (All people of brown skin and Central Asian decent), then they should be thoroughly stared at and made to feel as uncomfortable as possible by our AK-47 toting security officials, as it is proven t...

Leadership For Health & Social Care Services

Person centred practice (PCP) or more commonly referred to as person centred planning is based on the principles of inclusion and taking a holistic approach when planning the care service delivery. There are five key features of PCP; The individual is at the centre of the plan. The plan will identify what is important to the individual and identify the individuals’ strengths and what support they will require to achieve their potential. The individuals support network are involved in the ongoing planning and reviewing process. The plan will promote community participation for the individual.The plan is a live document which is reviewed by all involved minimum every 6 months or when circumstances change. The care planning, monitoring and reviewing of care plans are key aspects to working with individuals and care workers. In line with PCP key aspects must be adhered to including legislation and policy to ensure the individual is at the heart of the plan & review process. Howeve r we must remember not to get caught up in the planning and administration process its self, we must remember the true purpose of the care plan. Such example of this can be seen by a quote from a Service User; â€Å"I don’t have a care pathway.I have a life. † (Scottish executive, 2005:5) Care plans must be done properly and all relevant parties involved. Some people may not know what a care plan is. When people don’t feel good they need support to be involved. After all, where’re planning their care and the individual must be at the centre of the plan. A Service User who contributed to the report Developing social care: service users vision for adult support, felt strongly that social care should be based on the social model; informing policy, practice and procedures (Beresford 2005).The Department of Health clearly states that it supports the social model of disability (DoH 2008a). This social model is underpinned by a range of legislation and policy wh ich steers the provision of person centred care. There are several Acts that underpin PCP. The human rights act 1998 sets a firm base line for pcp. The act covers the individual’s right to liberty and security, respect for private and family life, and the right for freedom of thought conscious and religion.This act sets a firm base line for good practice in health and social care by underlining the needs of the individual are paramount and that everyone has the right to receive quality care. Age Concern quote (2008) â€Å"the dignity needs and wants of older people must be put at the centre of their care, and Human Rights are the perfect vehicle to ensure this and deliver quality care services† Whilst drawing up a care plan there are several legislations and policies to adhere to, below I have listed a few which have an integral role in pcp.There is a statutory duty on public authorities to ensure they eliminate unlawful discrimination and harassment and to promote equ ality of opportunities between men and women. This is governed by the equalities act 2006 which makes it unlawful to discriminate on the grounds of a person’s sexual orientation, religion and beliefs when providing a service and exercising a public function. This act has established a commission for equality and human rights (CEHR) which is responsible for promoting the understanding of human rights and equality, also challenging unlawful discrimination.The disability discrimination act 1995 main function is to stop discrimination for disabled individual, giving those equal rights and access to goods, facilities and services. This act states that providers are not allowed to treat the disabled less favourably because of their disability. Most companies and organisations that provide service, facilities or goods, be it either paid or free; both private and public bodies / companies must adhere to this act.One aspect of the NHS and community care act 1990 is that local authorit ies must conduct a needs-lead assessment which takes into account a person’s preference making it pcp. On the other hand a resources-lead assessment only takes into account the resources available and not the individual. In my area of work an example would be an individual would be sent to a day service where their preference would be a sit in service which would be more appropriate. This example goes against all principles of pcp.All care service providers are regulated by an independent body as outlined in the Care standard Act 2000. In Wales we are regulated by the CSSIW. This independat body carries out regular inspections to ensure compliance with all relevant legislation and one of their key focus is Service User quality of life which is closely linked to pcp. In addition to legislation there are numerous policies in place to ensure compliance with pc care. The white paper Valuing people (DoH 2001) stipulates that person centred approach will be essential to deliver rea l change in the lives of people.Whilst this white paper is aimed at individuals with learning disabilities the principles can be applied to all types of care. The national service frameworks are long term strategies for improving specific areas of social care. PCP is a theme that runs through the white paper. We as care providers have minimum expectations which are required of us by the government; national minimum standards. These standards are not legally enforceable but are guidelines for providers and commissioners to judge the quality of a care service. There are many ways consent is established with individuals.During a PCP meeting the individual may be able to make their wishes and expectations known clearly. In which case the Service User will give consent. On the other hand the mental capacity act 2005 is in place to empower individuals who lack capacity to make their own decisions. There are five core principles; It’s assumed an individual has capacity unless an ass essment has taken place that determines otherwise. Individuals must be given appropriate support prior to making decisions (prior to a judgement being made to say the individual can not do so.Individuals have the right to make an unwise decision, by making an unwise decision it does not mean the individual lacks capacity. When an individual is assessed as lacking in capacity, any decisions made for them must be in their best interest. Any actions that are result of an individual lacking in capacity must be the least restrictive in terms of their basic rights and freedoms. By applying all these principles in a MDT meeting a decision can be reached which will be in the best interest of the individual.During the PCP/ MDT/ BIM the individual may have family, friends, HCP, advocate present to enable a holistic approach to the individuals care pathway. By using person centred practice positive outcomes can be achieved; by adopting all the above legislation, regulations, policies the indiv idual will receive the level of care and support they require, as decided by themselves and people who have the individuals best interests as paramount to the individuals care. In my role I have reviewed all documentation in relation to the primary assessment our Service Users undergo prior to our delivery of care.The assessment takes a holistic approach to the Service Users life, from mobility to cognitive function and is undertaken in the Service Users home with their preferred family member, social worker and any other health care professionals that have input into the Service Users life. Following a management and staff meeting and consultation with Service Users families and HCP to gather their feedback and views I have implemented changes to the documentation to make the assessment and subsequent care plan / file user friendly as needed by the Service User.By implementing this I’m ensuring compliance with regulations and legislation. I support my team to implement perso n centred practice in many ways. Adequate training as detailed in the care workers professional development plan and led by example, I believe being the best. PCP is discussed at management meetings which is then cascaded down to the care workers through their team meetings and supervision sessions.We have recently introduced a new format care plan, which I’m supporting the team leaders to complete using the active support model of care. During the recruitment process, all care workers undergo a 5 day induction period, during which PCP is introduced with the support of accredited dvd’s from Mullbery House and the new care worker is given the opportunity to demonstrate how they would apply pcp. Also a small library of reference books are available for care workers to loan for their professional development.I have recently supported one of the team leaders to review the manual handling care needs of a new Service User, no-capacity, who’s family were not familiar w ith manual handling techniques, by using techniques that were not prescribed the Service Users was being put at risk of injury as were the family. During the primary assessment this was discovered and immediately reported to myself. In conjunction with the team leader we contacted the social service to arrange for OT assessment, also we submitted a VA1 to inspectorate reporting our safeguarding concerns.During the OT assessment the Service User, family, social worker and our team leader was present to enable a best interest care plan to be drawn up. Several items of equipment were agreed and ordered, and care plan agreed by all. Several weeks later, the Service User is now in receipt of appropriate approved equipment and manual handling techniques which meets his needs. I have implemented a handover sheet for care workers prior to their delivery of care to new Service Users / from new care workers to ensure the Service User receives continuity of care.The handover takes place betwee n the primary assessor and the care worker. The care worker and assessor discuss the care plan and risk assessments. At the Service Users first call the care worker is introduced by the assessor. All the care workers are required to notify the office of any changes to the Service Users care needs or preferences immediately, care workers are also encouraged to discuss Service Users needs/ preferences during their 6 weekly supervision session. Care workers are made aware of changes to the care plan in the handover and during the monthly team meeting where all Service User changes are discussed.I’m in the process of reviewing policies and procedures, which will ensure we are Service User led and not service led. Service user active participation has many proven positive outcomes. Active participation may lead to increased confidence and self-esteem, the chance to acquire new skills, and improved material resources if for example it helps them to acquire paid employment. Active p articipation leads to greater satisfaction (Department of Health & Farrell, 2004) and improved quality of life (Wallerstein, 2006).For instance service users who have had greater control in decisions about the support they receive, report greater satisfaction and better health than those who have not. Beyond benefits to the individual, the participation process may also help create a stronger sense of community involvement. For active participation to succeed the culture of the company must allow for regular change and want to hear what the Service User has to say, take it on board and action it. All our Care workers are required to report to the office any feedback / comments/ changes from the Service User and the care work.Within XXXXXXXXX all new starter undergo a 5 day induction period, one element of this induction is active support. The care workers are given an insight into active support. Further training is made available periodically, training is an ongoing commitment to t he care worker professional development and the quality of service we provide our Service Users with. A good example of active support I like to use is, if the Service User enjoys cooking but is unable to bear their weight etc take the veg to them. The Service User may enjoy peeling the veg at the table or in their chair.This enables the Service User to take control of their meal preparation, giving them a sense of purpose and satisfaction. When we receive a referral the Service User may have already undergone the 6 week enablement package of care, after their discharge from hospital. In line with the care plan we encourage the Service User to remain independent and re-able the Service User to achieve their aspirations. To promote Service Users to actively participate in all aspects of daily living skills, during the primary / review assessment risk assessments must be agreed.This is not to prohibit the Service User from participate in daily living skills but to ensure we are suppor ting the Service user in a safe environment where risks have been assessed and minimised or where possible removed. During this process a person centred approach is paramount involving outside agencies, eg OT, family and friends, social worker, advocate. Adaptions, equipment, tele care etc may be available for the Service User to minimise the risk whilst promoting participation in daily living skills.

Potential Hazards to Health, Safety and Security Essay

Make sure that I am aware of, and follow, my settings health, safety and security procedures before I start work. Ensure that before I begin any work activities I check and use any risk assessments examine the areas in which I work and any equipment I have to use to ensure that they are safe, hazard free and conform to legal and the settings requirements for health and safety, remove, where possible, hazards that might pose a health and safety risk to myself and others. Take account of individuals’ needs, wishes, preferences and choices, while ensuring my own and the safety of individuals, key people and others when carrying out my work activities. Operate within the limits of my own roles and responsibilities in relation to health and safety. Seek additional support to resolve health and safety problems where necessary. Report health and safety issues to the appropriate people and complete health, safety and security records according to legal and organisational requirements. Minimise risk. Identify and work with others to minimise potential risks in the place where I am working. Ensure that my own health and hygiene does not pose a threat to others. Ensure that the appropriate people know where I am at all times. Check for hazards and health, safety and security risks while I am working, taking appropriate action if there is the likelihood of an accident, injury or harm. Check that people who are present have a right to be there. Use approved methods and procedures when undertaking potentially hazardous work activities, including using correct moving and handling techniques wearing correct personal protective clothing appropriate to the situation, environment and activities using and storing equipment and materials dealing with spillages and disposal of waste. Take appropriate and immediate action to deal with health and environmental emergencies, including fire, security, serious and minor accidents and first aid. Record and report on incidents and emergencies accurately, completely, within confidentiality agreements, and according to the settings policies and legal requirements.

Definition and Examples of Synathroesmus in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Synathroesmus in Rhetoric Definition Synathroesmus is a  rhetorical term for the piling up of words (usually adjectives), often in the spirit of invective. Also known as  congeries, accumulatio, and seriation. In A  Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory  (2012), Cuddon and Habib offer this example of  synathroesmus from Shakespeares Macbeth:Who can be wise, amazed, temperate and furious,Loyal and neutral, in a moment? See the additional examples below. Also see: AccumulationCongeriesListSeriesSynonyms EtymologyFrom the Greek, collection   Examples Hes a proud, haughty, consequential, turned-up-nose peacock.(Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby)He was a gasping, wheezing, clutching, covetous old man.(Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol)Of all the bete, clumsy, blundering, boggling, baboon-blooded stuff I ever saw on the human stage, that thing last night beatas far as the story and acting wentand of all the affected, sapless, soulless, beginningless, endless, topless, bottomless, topsyturviest, tuneless, scrannelpipiesttongs and boniestdoggerel of sounds I ever endured the deadliness of, that eternity of nothing was the deadliest, as far as its sound went.(John Ruskin, on Richard Wagners Die Meistersinger von Nà ¼rnberg)One viewed the existence of man then as a marvel, and conceded a glamour of wonder to these lice which were caused to cling to a whirling, fire-smote, ice-locked, disease-stricken, space-lost bulb.(Stephen Crane, The Blue Hotel)Lipsmackin thirstquenchin acetastin motivatin goodbuzzin cooltalkin highwalkin fastlivi n evergivin coolfizzin Pepsi.(commercial slogan for Pepsi Cola) [Jimmy Carter] was of the Missionary lectern-pounding Amen ten-finger C-major-chord Sister-Martha-at-the-Yamaha-keyboard loblolly piney-woods Baptist faith . . ..(Tom Wolfe, The Me Decade and the Third Great Awakening, 1977)Talking Right: How Conservatives Turned Liberalism into a Tax-Raising, Latte-Drinking, Sushi-Eating, Volvo-Driving, New York Times-Reading, Body-Piercing, Hollywood-Loving, Left-Wing Freak Show(Geoffrey Nunberg, book title, 2006) Thomas Pynchons Use of SynathroesmusYet at least he had believed in the cars, maybe to excess: how could he not, seeing people poorer than him come in, Negro, Mexican, cracker, a parade seven days a week, bring with them the most godawful of trade-ins: motorized, metal extensions of themselves, of their families and what their whole lives must be like, out there so naked for anybody, a stranger like himself, to look at, frame cockeyed, rusty underneath, fender repainted in a shade just off enough to depress the value, if not Mucho himself , inside smelling hopeless of children, of supermarket booze, or two, sometimes three generations of cigarette smokers, or only of dustand when the cars were swept out you had to look at the actual residue of these lives, and there was no way of telling what things had been truly refused (when so little he supposed came by that out of fear most of it had to be taken and kept) and what had simply (perhaps tragically) been lost: clipped coupons promising savings of 5 or 10 ¢, trading stamps, pink flyers advertising specials at the market, butts, tooth-shy combs, help-wanted ads, Yellow Pages torn from the phone book, rags of old underwear or dresses that already were period costumes, for wiping your own breath off the inside of a windshield with so you could see whatever it was, a movie, a woman or car you coveted, a cop who might pull you over just for drill, all the bits and pieces coated uniformly, like a salad of despair, in a grey dressing of ash, condensed exhaust, dust, body wastesit nauseated him to look, but he had to look.(Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49, 1965) Pronunciation: si na TREES mus or sin a THROE smus Alternate Spellings: sinathroesmus

Evaluación y Calidad en la Educación

Evaluacià ³n y Calidad en la Educacià ³n Free Online Research Papers La evaluacià ³n como indicador de la calidad del sistema educativo La educacià ³n ha sufrido, a travà ©s de la historia, varios cambios en su enfoque y concepcià ³n. El Estado como proveedor de educacià ³n a la poblacià ³n ha cambiado de una orientacià ³n de cobertura a una de calidad, lo que permite de manera casi automtica introducir el tà ©rmino de evaluacià ³n como la medida predilecta para el control de calidad. Surgen, sin embargo, con este cambio, varios matices alrededor de la evaluacià ³n que deben ser considerados a la hora de utilizar sus resultados como indicador de quà © tan bien se encuentra el sistema educativo. El siguiente escrito tiene como propà ³sito analizar hasta quà © punto los resultados de las distintas evaluaciones implementadas como medidor de calidad son verà ­dicos y reflejan el estado real de las instituciones educativas a nivel nacional. Para tal fin, se utilizarn los textos y las discusiones que se enmarcan en el curso de Problemas Contemporneos en la Educacià ³n. Segà ºn Alberto Martà ­nez Boom, 2004, el cambio en el enfoque de la educacià ³n (de cobertura a calidad) se acompaà ±a de diversas modificaciones en el entorno escolar. En el nuevo momento, el que concierne la calidad, la educacià ³n pasa a ser interà ©s primordial de los sectores polà ­tico, econà ³mico y civil. Se crea entonces la llamada comunidad educativa, que tiene como propà ³sito incluir diversos puntos de vista en el mbito educacional, para que los estudiantes tengan una visià ³n ms amplia del mundo en el que se desarrollan, y se desarrollarn en un futuro. Sin embargo, y aunque en teorà ­a la comunidad educativa es un buen mecanismo para los objetivos que persigue, à ©sta no se evidencia en la prctica. El primer punto problemtico, es que las instituciones no se toman en serio las exigencias del Ministerio de Educacià ³n de la conformacià ³n de dicha comunidad (recordemos la experiencia de Andrà ©s Mejà ­a, donde relata que a falta de miembros que conformen l a vocerà ­a de la comunidad, decidieron incluir a une vendedora ambulante). Los mismos padres de familia se muestran en reiteradas ocasiones reticentes a una participacià ³n activa en la educacià ³n de sus hijos. Numerosos factores como los enunciados anteriormente, hacen que la conformacià ³n de una comunidad educativa ms all del papel se torne dificultosa. Un segundo punto problemtico, y quiz en que ms nos concierne para el tema de disertacià ³n es el que se refiere a la evaluacià ³n. Los objetivos de la comunidad educativa deben hacerse presentes no sà ³lo a la hora de la conformacià ³n de la misma, es decir, los ideales de una educacià ³n holà ­stica deben estar presentes tanto en las dinmicas de cada una de las clases dictadas en las institucià ³n, como en su currà ­culo y por sobre todo en su sistema de control de calidad (evaluacià ³n). Es asà ­ como resulta imperativo incluir dentro de la evaluacià ³n no sà ³lo mbitos acadà ©micos formales como se ha venido haciendo hasta ahora, sino reas alternas que le puedan proporcionar al estudiante la opcià ³n de escoger y generar un bagaje en torno a diferentes disciplinas. Un ejemplo puntual de lo anterior, se refiere a las pruebas de estado ICFES, donde es poca o nula la inclusià ³n de reas fundamentales en aspectos tanto profesionales como sociales y cotidianos, como lo e s la expresià ³n oral, capacidad de proposicià ³n y expresià ³n escrita. El ICFES presenta de manera simultnea otros puntos que resultan conflictivos. Entre los discutidos en clase, tambià ©n se encuentra la larga duracià ³n de las pruebas (antes dos dà ­as, actualmente una jornada completa). Las consecuencias de jornadas largas de evaluacià ³n son indudablemente negativas para el resultado de los estudiantes. La fatiga fà ­sica y mental al final afectan las respuestas de los alumnos a las preguntas enunciadas. Bajo condiciones de cansancio, es obvio que un alumno no puede dar lo mejor de sà ­, y en este orden de ideas, una institucià ³n (de educacià ³n superior por ejemplo) que se rija à ºnicamente por los resultados de la prueba de estado como filtro de entrada no est considerando el potencial del estudiante en su totalidad, sino una fraccià ³n del mismo. Un tercer aspecto ambiguo es el modo de respuesta de las pruebas del estado. Al ser opcià ³n mà ºltiple, la capacidad de redaccià ³n y expresià ³n escrita del estudiante es relegada a un segundo plano. Adems, las posibilidades de que un estudiante que no conozca la respuesta acierte en la misma son altas. Es posible acotar entonces el tà ©rmino de injusticia en el resultado final. Un estudiante competente y uno mediocre podrà ­an obtener la misma nota, o por lo menos uno parecido.  ¿Es entonces producto del azar, cuando una institucià ³n exige un buen resultado en estas pruebas acepta o rechaza a un estudiante basado en su nota obtenida?  ¿Cà ³mo hacer para discernir entre los primeros y los segundos? La lectura referente a los high stakes tests descalifica este tipo de evaluaciones en las que se juegan aspectos fundamentales de la vida de los estudiantes. Empero, y como se discutià ³ en clase, las evaluaciones que implican mayores impactos para la vida de los estudiantes resultan ser, aunque agotadoras en algunos casos, mucho ms motivacionales para los mismos alumnos. Surge entonces un modelo alterno a las pruebas del estado, que es el International Baccalaureate, o IB. Desde un punto de vista personal, el IB entra en el campo de los high stakes tests, pero con algunos matices. No solamente hace inclusià ³n de aspectos fundamentales ya mencionados como las capacidades de sà ­ntesis, expresià ³n oral y escrita y proposicià ³n, sino que se enfoca hacia una educacià ³n holà ­stica en todo el sentido de la palabra. IB se empeà ±a en graduar a alumnos con alta responsabilidad social, con un sentido de responsabilidad elevado, conocedor de reas poco usuales en el mbito nacional (como lo son la antropologà ­a, o estudios de tecnologà ­a) y al mismo tiempo competente en reas acadà ©micas convencionales. El sistema de evaluacià ³n no es cortante o definido en el tiempo, sino regido por un proceso incremental que se va evaluando a medida que va pasando el tiempo, permitiendo que el resultado final refleje aspectos importantes para todo mbito como lo es por ejemplo la capacidad y velocidad de aprendizaje de un individuo, su calidad como ser humano, y sus repuestas ante dilemas de diversa à ­ndole. No obstante, existen tambià ©n aspectos negativos en torno al IB. Como bien fue discutido, surgen puntos de debate como lo es la competencia generada al interior de una institucià ³n con este sistema de evaluacià ³n. Es cierto que las condiciones de competencia se pueden tornar difà ­ciles, sobre todo cuando las instituciones compiten para lograr ciertos objetivos. Sin embargo, esta competencia, que no debe ser llevada al extremo, educa a los estudiantes a desenvolverse en un mundo que cada vez se torna ms exigente. En segundo lugar se pone en juego la autonomà ­a de las escuelas y colegios, ya que es el sistema evaluativo el que define su comportamiento. Ante esto, es plausible afirmar que desde que exista un sistema de evaluacià ³n que se dedique a escoger quà © es bueno y quà © es malo, y a realizar clasificaciones de calidad, ese mismo efecto secundario existir. A manera de conclusià ³n se puede decir que las pruebas de estado como son aplicadas actualmente fallan a la hora de proporcionar una apreciacià ³n cercana de las aptitudes del estudiante. Es deficiente al evaluar aspectos mucho ms importantes que la academia formal, como por ejemplo la capacidad de sà ­ntesis, expresià ³n oral y escrita y calidad humana y à ©tica del individuo. Aunque fuertemente criticado por el autor del texto referente a los high stakes tests, creo que sistemas como el IB que entran dentro de ese conjunto son ideales a la hora de realizar una evaluacià ³n ya que miden no sà ³lo reas como las matemticas o la fà ­sica, sino que se enfoca en un perfil de estudiante y lo forma de manera holà ­stica. Research Papers on Evaluacià ³n y Calidad en la Educacià ³nUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfQuebec and CanadaRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Project Managment Office SystemPETSTEL analysis of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era